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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
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Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

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Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
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Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

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The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
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Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

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Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into ...
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Gross Anatomy of Bone01:17

Gross Anatomy of Bone

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The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in...
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Bone Structure01:55

Bone Structure

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Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Author Spotlight: Insights into an Efficient Murine Maxillary Orthodontic Model Protocol
04:11

Author Spotlight: Insights into an Efficient Murine Maxillary Orthodontic Model Protocol

Published on: October 27, 2023

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Microarchitectural pattern of pristine maxillary bone.

Alberto Monje, Raúl González-García, Florencio Monje

    The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants
    |August 26, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Maxillary bone density is consistent across anterior and posterior sites in nonatrophic bone, unaffected by location. Further research with larger cohorts is recommended for validation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
    • Dental Implantology
    • Bone Biology

    Background:

    • Limited evidence exists on how maxillary bone location influences bone density.
    • Understanding bone microarchitecture is crucial for dental implant success.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the bone microarchitecture of nonatrophic maxillary bone from different anatomical locations.
    • To investigate the relationship between bone density and anatomical site in the maxilla.

    Main Methods:

    • Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) analysis was performed on 34 bone core biopsy specimens from 37 partially edentulous subjects.
    • Bone sites were categorized as anterior (incisors, canines) or posterior (premolars, molars).
    • Statistical analyses included Mann-Whitney U tests and Spearman rank correlation to assess differences and associations.

    Main Results:

    • No significant difference in bone volume fraction (BV/TV) was observed between maxillary anterior (46.93 ± 26.2) and posterior (51.90 ± 28.42) locations.
    • Significant correlations were found between BV/TV and trabecular thickness, number, spacing, pattern factor, and structural model index.
    • No correlations were found between BV/TV and patient age or sex.

    Conclusions:

    • Maxillary bone density, assessed by micro-CT, is independent of anatomical location in pristine nonatrophic bone.
    • Further studies with larger sample sizes and diverse populations are needed to validate these findings.