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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
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miRNA expression in anaplastic thyroid carcinomas.

Aline Hébrant1, Sébastien Floor1, Manuel Saiselet1

  • 1Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), School of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Brussels, Belgium.

Plos One
|August 26, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) exhibits unique microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles, suggesting roles in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor aggressiveness. Targeting these miRNAs may offer new therapeutic strategies for this lethal cancer.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is an aggressive thyroid neoplasm with no effective treatments.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms driving ATC progression is crucial for developing novel therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze miRNA and mRNA expression profiles in ATC.
  • To investigate the role of deregulated miRNAs in ATC pathogenesis, including epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs).

Main Methods:

  • Microarray analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression in 11 ATC samples.
  • Bioinformatic prediction of miRNA targets.
  • Luciferase assay for validating miRNA-mRNA interactions.
  • In situ hybridization to determine miRNA localization.

Main Results:

  • ATC displays distinct miRNA expression profiles compared to less aggressive thyroid tumors, with 18 commonly deregulated miRNAs.
  • Deregulated miRNAs and their targets are implicated in EMT.
  • The interaction between LOX (an EMT player) and miR-29a was validated.
  • Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute a significant portion of ATC tissue and likely contribute to aggressiveness.
  • Specific thyrocyte localization of let-7g, miR-29a, and miR-30e was demonstrated.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct miRNA signatures characterize ATC and are linked to EMT.
  • MiR-29a directly interacts with the EMT key player LOX.
  • TAMs and their communication with tumor cells may amplify ATC aggressiveness.
  • Cell-type specific localization of miRNAs is critical for understanding their physiopathological roles in ATC.