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Transient neonatal hyperinsulinism with adaptation disorders: a report of three cases

Hiroshi Mizumoto, Hiroko Uchio, Sumie Yamashita

    Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism : JPEM
    |August 26, 2014
    PubMed

    Insights

    Transient hyperinsulinism in newborns can follow perinatal stress. This condition presents as a systemic syndrome with cardiopulmonary and hematological issues, linked to fetal chronic hypoxia.

    Area of Science:

    • Neonatal Medicine
    • Endocrinology
    • Perinatal Biology

    Background:

    • Transient hyperinsulinism is a known neonatal complication following perinatal stress.
    • Pathophysiology and clinical manifestations remain poorly understood.

    Observation:

    • Three neonatal cases of transient severe hyperinsulinism are presented.
    • Complications included cardiopulmonary problems, thrombocytopenia, and marked erythroblastosis at birth.
    • All cases exhibited signs of placental insufficiency.

    Findings:

    • Chronic hypoxia and malnutrition during fetal development are associated with these clinical features.
    • Perinatal stress-induced hyperinsulinism presents as a systemic syndrome.
    • The syndrome involves cardiopulmonary and hematological issues stemming from fetal chronic hypoxia.

    Implications:

    • Highlights the link between fetal development under stress and neonatal systemic complications.
    • Suggests placental insufficiency as a key indicator for this condition.
    • Informs clinical recognition and management of neonates exposed to perinatal stress.

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