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Microbial Biosensors01:17

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Microbial biosensors are analytical devices that utilize living microbes to detect specific substances through measurable signals. These devices consist of two main components: biosensing organisms and signal-transducing elements. Biosensing organisms, such as Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are typically housed in multiwell plates connected to transducers, enabling rapid, real-time detection of target analytes.Signal Generation MechanismWhen a target analyte—such as...
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Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...
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Strain improvement is a foundational strategy in industrial microbiology aimed at maximizing microbial productivity, particularly because natural isolates typically yield commercially valuable products in very low concentrations. Although optimizing the culture medium and environmental conditions can improve yields, these adjustments are inherently limited by the organism’s genetic potential. As a result, the focus shifts toward genetic modifications to enhance biosynthetic capacity. The...
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Yeast-based biosensors: design and applications.

Adebola Adeniran1, Michael Sherer1, Keith E J Tyo2

  • 1Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.

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Yeast-based biosensors (YBBs) offer versatile molecule detection. This review categorizes YBBs by transcription dependence, highlighting strategies for diverse analytes and output methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Biosensor Technology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Yeast-based biosensing (YBB) utilizes yeast for accurate molecule detection.
  • Yeast biosensors can detect a wide array of analytes, including odorants, metals, metabolites, and sugars.
  • Existing biosensors employ diverse detection strategies and output methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review detection strategies for various analytes in yeast biosensors.
  • To categorize yeast biosensors based on their reporting mechanisms.
  • To explore the potential of yeast as a sensing element in biosensor applications.

Main Methods:

  • Categorization of yeast biosensors into transcription-dependent and transcription-independent types.
  • Review of heterologous gene expression strategies for expanded analyte detection.
  • Analysis of yeast metabolism-based detection for challenging analytes.

Main Results:

  • Transcription-dependent YBBs leverage heterologous expression to broaden detection capabilities.
  • Transcription-independent YBBs utilize yeast metabolism for detecting difficult analytes.
  • Both approaches demonstrate the efficacy and adaptability of yeast biosensors.

Conclusions:

  • Yeast-based biosensing is a promising field with diverse applications.
  • The development of transcription-dependent and independent strategies enhances YBB versatility.
  • Yeast's role as a sensing element in biosensors continues to evolve.