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Diabetes causes morphological changes in human submandibular gland: a morphometric study.

Maria Alberta Lilliu1, Paola Solinas, Margherita Cossu

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Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine : Official Publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology
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Even well-controlled diabetes causes structural changes in human submandibular glands, affecting acinar and granule size. These morphological alterations in salivary glands suggest underlying functional changes in secretory activity.

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Area of Science:

  • Histopathology
  • Diabetology
  • Salivary Gland Biology

Background:

  • Limited data exists on structural changes in diabetic salivary glands.
  • This study investigates submandibular gland morphology in well-controlled diabetes without apparent salivary dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate morphological changes in submandibular glands of diabetic patients.
  • To correlate structural alterations with potential functional changes in salivary secretion.

Main Methods:

  • Submandibular gland tissues from diabetic and non-diabetic individuals were analyzed using light and electron microscopy.
  • Micrographs of serous acini underwent statistical morphometrical analysis.

Main Results:

  • Significant increases in acinar and granule size were observed.
  • A reduction in mitochondrial size and an increase in microbud density on luminal membranes were noted.
  • Morphometrical analysis revealed distinct structural alterations in diabetic submandibular glands.

Conclusions:

  • Diabetes mellitus impacts submandibular gland structure, even with normal glandular function.
  • Observed morphological changes likely reflect alterations in secretory activity, indicating subclinical functional impact.