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Related Concept Videos

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
The two main cell...
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Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
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Source And Potency Of Stem Cells01:27

Source And Potency Of Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...
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Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells

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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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Unrenewable Cells00:50

Unrenewable Cells

2.1K
In humans, the photoreceptor cells of the eye and sensory hair cells of the ear lack stem cells. These cells are thus unrenewable and cannot be replaced when they are damaged or destroyed.
Photoreceptors
The retina is composed of several layers and contains specialized cells called photoreceptors. The photoreceptors (rods and cones) change their membrane potential when stimulated by light energy. There are two types of photoreceptors—rods and cones—which differ in the shape of...
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Isolation of Retinal Stem Cells from the Mouse Eye
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Ocular stem cells: a status update!

Kamesh Dhamodaran, Murali Subramani, Murugeswari Ponnalagu

    Stem Cell Research & Therapy
    |August 27, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Ophthalmology is pioneering regenerative medicine with stem cells. Various eye-derived stem cells show promise for treating conditions like macular degeneration and photoreceptor loss.

    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Regenerative Medicine
    • Stem Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Stem cells are unspecialized cells crucial for regenerative medicine.
    • Ophthalmology has significantly benefited from stem cell therapies due to the eye's immune privilege and accessibility.
    • The eye harbors diverse stem cell populations with therapeutic potential.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the current applications and potential of various ocular stem cells in regenerative medicine.
    • To highlight the progress and challenges in using stem cells for treating eye diseases.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on stem cell research in ophthalmology.
    • Analysis of experimental and clinical studies involving different ocular stem cell types.

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  • Evaluation of the therapeutic potential for conditions like retinal degeneration and surface reconstruction.

    • Main Results:

    • Stem cells from the limbus, cornea, and conjunctiva are used for ocular surface reconstruction.
    • Ciliary body, iris, and sclera stem cells show potential for photoreceptor replacement in animal models.
    • Retinal pigment epithelium stem cells are actively researched for retinal degenerative disorders, with recent successes in Stargardts disease and age-related macular degeneration.

    Conclusions:

    • Ocular stem cells offer significant promise for treating a range of eye conditions.
    • Further research is needed to fully validate the potential of stem cells from the trabecular meshwork, orbit, and sclera.
    • Embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium shows therapeutic value in clinical applications.