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Related Concept Videos

Production of Formed Elements01:34

Production of Formed Elements

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Hemangioblasts are multipotent stem cells originating from the mesoderm. They give rise to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which undergo hematopoiesis to produce all the formed elements of blood. This process is regulated by a complex network of hematopoietic growth factors, including transcription factors, growth factors, and cytokines. These factors stimulate the HSCs to divide and differentiate, though some HSCs remain undifferentiated to maintain a self-renewing pool.
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Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells01:15

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Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
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Hematopoiesis01:21

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The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Isolation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells from Healthy Volunteers and Their Migratory Potential Influenced by Serum Samples After Cardiac Surgery
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Endothelial progenitor cells in clinical settings.

Sumihiro Sanada, Yoshiaki Taniyama, Junya Azuma

    Journal of Stem Cells
    |August 27, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Cellular senescence contributes to age-associated diseases. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) shows promise in preventing vascular cell senescence and improving cardiovascular outcomes, unlike VEGF and FGF.

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    Phenotypic and Functional Characterization of Endothelial Colony Forming Cells Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Blood

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    Area of Science:

    • Cardiovascular Research
    • Cellular Biology
    • Regenerative Medicine

    Background:

    • Cellular senescence, marked by cell cycle exit and altered function, is driven by telomere damage, stress, and inflammation.
    • Senescence in vascular cells and progenitor cells contributes to impaired tissue function and cardiovascular disease (CVD).
    • Current therapeutic strategies for preventing cellular senescence in CVD are limited.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review clinical trial outcomes of angiogenic growth factors in CVD.
    • To discuss the therapeutic potential of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in preventing vascular cell senescence.
    • To explore HGF's anti-inflammatory properties and its role in regenerative capacity.

    Main Methods:

    • Overview of clinical trial data for angiogenic growth factors (HGF, VEGF, FGF) in ischemia and critical limb ischemia (CLI).
    • Analysis of HGF, VEGF, and FGF's pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory roles.
    • Discussion of HGF's potential to enhance stem/progenitor and vascular cell regeneration by preventing senescence.

    Main Results:

    • HGF gene therapy demonstrated significant clinical benefits in CLI patients, unlike VEGF and FGF.
    • HGF acts as an anti-inflammatory cytokine, whereas VEGF and FGF are pro-inflammatory.
    • HGF shows potential in improving regenerative capacity by mitigating cellular senescence.

    Conclusions:

    • HGF exhibits therapeutic potential in managing cardiovascular conditions by preventing cellular senescence and reducing inflammation.
    • Clinical trials suggest HGF is more effective than VEGF and FGF for CLI.
    • Targeting cellular senescence with HGF may enhance tissue regeneration and improve outcomes in CVD.