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Pattern of tympanic membrane perforation in ibadan: a retrospective study
S A Olowookere1, T S Ibekwe1, A A Adeosun1
1Department of Medicine,State Hospital, Osogbo, Department of Medicine,State Hospital, Osogbo.
Insights
Tympanic membrane perforations are most often caused by chronic suppurative otitis media. Early diagnosis, treatment, and ear care education are crucial for managing these perforations.
Area of Science:
- Otolaryngology
- Public Health
Background:
- Tympanic membrane perforations (TMPs) exhibit diverse sizes, shapes, and locations.
- The extent of conductive hearing loss is directly related to the size and position of the TMP.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence, patterns, and etiological factors of tympanic membrane perforations.
- To understand the common causes of TMPs in a hospital-based setting.
Main Methods:
- A hospital-based study was conducted at the ENT Clinic, UCH, Ibadan.
- Consecutive patients with ear symptoms were interviewed and examined by ENT surgeons.
- Data were collected and analyzed using SPSS v11.
Main Results:
- Out of 244 patients, 33 (13.5%) had TMPs.
- Central perforations (57.6%) were most common, followed by subtotal (33.3%).
- Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) was the predominant cause (90.9%), particularly in children.
Conclusions:
- Early diagnosis and treatment of TMPs are essential.
- Educating parents/guardians on ear care and prompt referral are vital.
- Healthcare workers, especially at the primary level, require training in TMP management.
Background:
Tympanic membrane perforations vary in size, shape and position. The degree of conductive deafness varies with the size and position of the tympanic membrane perforation.
Objective:
This study is to determine the pattern and causes of tympanic membrane perforation.
Method:
Hospital based study at the ENT Clinic, UCH, Ibadan. Consecutive patients seen during the period of study with ear symptoms were interviewed and examined by ENT surgeons. This information was entered into computer and analyzed using SPSS v 11.
Result:
Thirty-three (13.5%) of the 244 patients were found to have tympanic membrane perforation. Fifteen (45.5%) patients were new while 18 (54.5%) were follow up patients. There were 13 (39.4%) males and 20 (60.6%) females. The type of perforation seen were central 57.6%, subtotal 33.3%, total 6.1%, marginal 3.0%. The sides affected were left ear 45.5%, right ear 15.2%, and both ears 39.4%. The causes found were chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) 90.9%, acute suppurative otitis media (ASOM) 6.1%, and trauma to the affected ear 3.0%. CSOM was the cause of tympanic membrane perforation seen in children.
Conclusion:
There is need for early diagnosis and treatment of all cases of tympanic membrane perforation and proper education of parents and guardians on proper method of ear care and early referral. There is also need to train all healthcare workers especially primary health care providers on how to manage these cases.
