Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Receiver Operating Characteristic Plot01:15

Receiver Operating Characteristic Plot

564
A ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) plot is a graphical tool used to assess the performance of a binary classification model by illustrating the trade-off between sensitivity (true positive rate) and specificity (false positive rate). By plotting sensitivity against 1 - specificity across various threshold settings, the ROC curve shows how well the model distinguishes between classes, with a curve closer to the top-left corner indicating a more accurate model. The area under the ROC curve...
564
Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory01:29

Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory

1.0K
Attribution theory plays a crucial role in social psychology, helping to explain how individuals interpret the causes of behavior. One prominent model within this field is Harold Kelley's covariation theory, which provides a systematic approach to determining whether internal traits or external circumstances drive a person's actions. The model posits that individuals rely on three key types of information—consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness—to make these judgments.Consensus:...
1.0K
Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - II01:28

Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - II

1.6K
The Bradford Hill criteria serve as guidelines for establishing causative links in epidemiological research. Beyond Strength, Consistency, Specificity, and Temporality, key criteria also include Biological Gradient, Plausibility, Coherence, Experiment, and Analogy. These principles assist scientists in assessing the likelihood of causation in complex biological contexts. Below is a summary of these concepts:
1.6K
Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predicted Value01:13

Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predicted Value

1.9K
In healthcare diagnostics, laboratory tests play a crucial role in identifying and diagnosing a wide range of medical conditions. However, interpreting test results is not always straightforward. An abnormal test result does not always confirm the presence of a disease, just as a normal result does not guarantee its absence. To assess the reliability of these diagnostic tools, healthcare practitioners rely on two key statistical indicators: sensitivity and specificity.
Sensitivity is the...
1.9K
Confirmation Biases01:31

Confirmation Biases

6.0K
The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
6.0K
Reliability and Validity01:29

Reliability and Validity

12.9K
Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.
12.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Correction: A Sequential Sampling Approach to the Integration of Habits and Goals.

Computational brain & behavior·2026
Same author

A Sequential Sampling Approach to the Integration of Habits and Goals.

Computational brain & behavior·2026
Same author

Introducing a new "<i>Preliminary Report"</i> submission category for small-sample intervention studies: rationale and instructions.

Science & medicine in football·2025
Same author

Concerns About Theorizing, Relevance, Generalizability, and Methodology Across Two Crises in Social Psychology.

International review of social psychology·2025
Same author

Concerns About Replicability Across Two Crises in Social Psychology.

International review of social psychology·2025
Same author

A systemic approach to better coordination in science.

Nature human behaviour·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Exploring the Role of Deontic Reasoning and World Knowledge in Wason&#180;s Selection Task
06:08

Exploring the Role of Deontic Reasoning and World Knowledge in Wason´s Selection Task

Published on: July 22, 2025

1.2K

Revisiting Tversky's diagnosticity principle.

Ellen R K Evers1, Daniël Lakens2

  • 1Department of Social Psychology, TIBER, Tilburg University Tilburg, Netherlands.

Frontiers in Psychology
|August 28, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This study replicated Tversky's (1977) diagnosticity effect in similarity judgments, finding a 4.75% effect. However, after controlling for substitution effects, the diagnosticity effect was no longer significant.

Keywords:
categorizationdiagnosticityjudgmentsreplicationsimilarity

More Related Videos

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age
15:00

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age

Published on: May 1, 2020

8.1K
A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments
08:12

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

Published on: March 1, 2022

2.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Exploring the Role of Deontic Reasoning and World Knowledge in Wason&#180;s Selection Task
06:08

Exploring the Role of Deontic Reasoning and World Knowledge in Wason´s Selection Task

Published on: July 22, 2025

1.2K
Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age
15:00

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age

Published on: May 1, 2020

8.1K
A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments
08:12

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

Published on: March 1, 2022

2.1K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Decision Making
  • Perception

Background:

  • Amos Tversky's 1977 feature-based model significantly influenced understanding of similarity judgments.
  • The model emphasizes context-dependence, challenging geometric similarity models.
  • The diagnosticity principle explains how features are used to form subgroups, influencing perceived similarity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To replicate Tversky's (1977) studies on the diagnosticity effect.
  • To investigate the role of substitution effects as a potential confound in original findings.
  • To re-evaluate the diagnosticity principle under controlled conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Two pre-registered replications of Tversky's (1977) diagnosticity effect studies were conducted.
  • Substitution effects were examined as a potential alternative mechanism.
  • A meta-analysis was performed on the collected data.

Main Results:

  • The replication studies initially confirmed Tversky's findings, showing an average diagnosticity effect of 4.75%.
  • When substitution effects were controlled, the diagnosticity effect was no longer statistically significant.
  • This suggests that substitution effects may have previously confounded diagnosticity findings.

Conclusions:

  • The diagnosticity principle, as originally reported, may be an artifact of substitution effects.
  • Re-evaluation indicates that context-dependent similarity judgments might not be solely driven by diagnosticity.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying similarity judgments and context effects.