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Unconscious facial expressions can influence conscious perception. Even when faces are invisible using Continuous Flash Suppression (CFS), their emotional expressions can affect how accurately we perceive visible faces.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception
  • Social Cognition

Background:

  • Visual information, including emotional cues, can be processed without conscious awareness.
  • Subliminal masked facial expressions are known to cause priming and adaptation effects.
  • The extent of processing and effects of invisible stimuli depend on the method used to render them invisible.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if invisible flanker faces, rendered imperceptible via Continuous Flash Suppression (CFS), can elicit congruency effects on the discrimination of visible target faces.
  • To determine whether unconsciously processed facial expressions interfere with or enhance consciously perceived facial expressions.

Main Methods:

  • A flanker-type behavioral paradigm was employed.
  • Participants discriminated the expression (happy or fearful) of a visible target face.
  • An invisible flanker face with a congruent or incongruent expression was presented nearby using CFS.

Main Results:

  • Participants exhibited slower reaction times and reduced accuracy when the invisible flanker face's expression was incongruent with the visible target face's expression.
  • Facial expression information rendered invisible by CFS demonstrated a significant impact on the discrimination of visible facial expressions.

Conclusions:

  • Facial expression information, even when rendered invisible using CFS and presented at a different spatial location, can modulate conscious perception.
  • Unconscious processing of facial expressions can either enhance or interfere with the conscious discrimination of emotional faces.