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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

In Vivo Functional Assessment of Rat Masseter Muscle Following Surgical Creation of a Volumetric Muscle Loss (VML) Injury
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Toward volumetric MR thermometry with the MASTER sequence.

Michael Marx, Juan Plata, Kim Butts Pauly

    IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging
    |August 28, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    MASTER (multiple adjacent slice thermometry with excitation refocusing) enhances speed and accuracy in MR thermometry for focused ultrasound. This new technique improves temperature signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for critical medical applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Medical Physics
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Radiology

    Background:

    • Magnetic Resonance (MR) thermometry is crucial for monitoring high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatments.
    • Current multi-slice MR thermometry techniques face limitations in speed and accuracy.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce and validate a novel MR thermometry technique, MASTER (multiple adjacent slice thermometry with excitation refocusing).
    • To improve the speed and accuracy of multi-slice MR thermometry for HIFU applications.

    Main Methods:

    • MASTER utilizes a novel excitation and refocusing strategy to acquire data from multiple slices concurrently.
    • Magnetization is defocused after excitation, allowing concurrent storage in k-space, followed by sequential refocusing and reading.
    • Gradient sequence optimization is employed to minimize diffusion losses and maintain efficiency.

    Main Results:

    • MASTER significantly improves temperature signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared to conventional interleaved methods.
    • The technique demonstrates flexibility in independently adjusting slice position, update rate, accuracy, and voxel size.
    • Feasibility was validated in phantom and in vivo studies, with comparisons to interleaved gradient echo (GRE) thermometry.

    Conclusions:

    • MASTER offers a substantial advancement in multi-slice MR thermometry for HIFU.
    • The method provides enhanced speed, accuracy, and flexibility, adaptable to diverse clinical needs.
    • MASTER represents a promising development for precise thermal monitoring in image-guided therapies.