Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Intestines01:23

Anatomy of the Intestines

65.0K
Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
65.0K
Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Functions of the Gut Microbiota

129
The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
129
Gut-Brain Axis01:22

Gut-Brain Axis

205
The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such...
205
What is Monogastric Digestion?01:50

What is Monogastric Digestion?

56.1K
The human body contains a monogastric digestive system. In a monogastric digestive system, the stomach only contains one chamber in which it digests food. Several other animal species also have monogastric digestive systems, including pigs, horses, dogs, and birds. This chapter, however, focuses on the human digestive system.
56.1K
Transcytosis of IgG01:15

Transcytosis of IgG

3.4K
Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
IgG molecules from a mother undergo transcytosis starting around 13 weeks of gestation. The amount of IgG transferred and entering the fetal blood circulation increases with...
3.4K
Physiology of Enteric Nervous System and Gut Health01:05

Physiology of Enteric Nervous System and Gut Health

1.5K
The gastrointestinal tract, responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients, is safeguarded by the intestinal barrier, which consists of secretory, physical, and immune components. At the forefront is the secretory barrier, composed of essential elements such as mucus, gut microbiota, and defense proteins. They collaborate to break down food particles, facilitate nutrient absorption, and maintain optimal gut health. These secretory components ensure the smooth functioning of the...
1.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Microbial metabolites at the front line: Orchestrating gastrointestinal and systemic barrier immunity across the lifespan.

Cell reports·2026
Same author

Soil-derived microbiota induces T regulatory cells and protect against mouse colitis, metabolic disease, and sepsis.

Gut microbes·2026
Same author

Food Coloring Additives and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in the NutriNet-Santé Prospective Cohort.

Diabetes care·2026
Same author

Preservative food additives, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases: the NutriNet-Santé study.

European heart journal·2026
Same author

Microbial metabolite Enterobactin impairs mitochondrial respiration and alleviates colitis.

Gut microbes·2026
Same author

Food colouring additives and cancer incidence in the NutriNet-Santé prospective cohort.

European journal of epidemiology·2026
Same journal

Response to Letter Regarding "Co-radiotherapy with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Might Benefit Survival in Hepatoma Patients with Portal Vein Tumor Thrombosis".

Biomedical journal·2026
Same journal

Association of HBsAg levels and HBV relapse patterns with HBsAg seroclearance following entecavir or tenofovir cessation.

Biomedical journal·2026
Same journal

Exploring the mechanism of acupuncture for Chronic Atrophic Gastritis based on bioinformatics and network topology strategies.

Biomedical journal·2026
Same journal

From Intradiscal Pressure to Multimodal Estimation of Lumbar Spinal Loads.

Biomedical journal·2026
Same journal

Coumarins as modulators of autophagy and PI3K/mTOR signaling: implications for next-generation cancer therapies.

Biomedical journal·2026
Same journal

Impact of Genetic Variants in Cyclophosphamide-Metabolizing Enzymes on Clinical Outcomes After Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Biomedical journal·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

In Vivo Photolabeling of Cells in the Colon to Assess Migratory Potential of Hematopoietic Cells in Neonatal Mice
08:39

In Vivo Photolabeling of Cells in the Colon to Assess Migratory Potential of Hematopoietic Cells in Neonatal Mice

Published on: August 10, 2018

5.3K

Mammalian gut immunity.

Benoit Chassaing, Manish Kumar, Mark T Baker

  • 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.

Biomedical Journal
|August 29, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The gut immune system and its trillions of microbes maintain a delicate balance for host health. Immune imbalances can disrupt this gut microbiota homeostasis, leading to inflammation and metabolic diseases.

More Related Videos

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine Small Intestinal Lymphocytes
08:14

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine Small Intestinal Lymphocytes

Published on: May 8, 2016

27.5K
A Double Humanized BLT-mice Model Featuring a Stable Human-Like Gut Microbiome and Human Immune System
07:32

A Double Humanized BLT-mice Model Featuring a Stable Human-Like Gut Microbiome and Human Immune System

Published on: August 30, 2019

8.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 25, 2026

In Vivo Photolabeling of Cells in the Colon to Assess Migratory Potential of Hematopoietic Cells in Neonatal Mice
08:39

In Vivo Photolabeling of Cells in the Colon to Assess Migratory Potential of Hematopoietic Cells in Neonatal Mice

Published on: August 10, 2018

5.3K
Isolation and Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine Small Intestinal Lymphocytes
08:14

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine Small Intestinal Lymphocytes

Published on: May 8, 2016

27.5K
A Double Humanized BLT-mice Model Featuring a Stable Human-Like Gut Microbiome and Human Immune System
07:32

A Double Humanized BLT-mice Model Featuring a Stable Human-Like Gut Microbiome and Human Immune System

Published on: August 30, 2019

8.1K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • The mammalian intestinal tract functions as the largest immune organ.
  • It hosts a complex ecosystem of host cells and trillions of microbes (microbiota).
  • Maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis is crucial for host health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the intricate communication between the host immune system and gut microbiota.
  • To understand the mechanisms maintaining gut ecosystem equilibrium.
  • To highlight the consequences of immune dysregulation on gut health and metabolic disease.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a review of existing literature on gut immunology and microbiota.
  • It synthesizes information on innate and adaptive immune system interactions.
  • It examines the relationship between immune balance and metabolic health.

Main Results:

  • The gut immune system and microbiota engage in a constant, mutually regulatory "love-hate relationship."
  • Innate and adaptive immunity cooperate to maintain gut ecosystem stability.
  • Immune deficiencies or aberrant responses can lead to dysbiosis and inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Gut immune homeostasis is essential for preventing inflammation and metabolic diseases.
  • Understanding the host-microbiota interaction is key to managing gut health.
  • Aberrant immune responses in the gut have significant health implications.