Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...

The Micturition Reflex

The Micturition Reflex

Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating...

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...

Ureters

Ureters

The ureters are retroperitoneal tubes located on either side of the vertebral column. They are responsible for transporting urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. These tubes have thick walls and are approximately 25-30 cm long. Their diameter is around 10 mm at the renal pelvis, gradually narrowing to 1 mm as the ureter obliquely enters the posterior bladder wall through the ureteric orifices. The shape of these orifices is slit-like, which helps to prevent urine backflow toward the...

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Kidney Survival in Children With Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome Treated by Rituximab.

Kidney international reports·2026

Same author

Efficacy and Safety of Rituximab Therapy to Sustain Remission in Young Children With Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome.

Kidney international reports·2026

Same author

How can we make novel treatments of glomerular diseases available for children as early and safely as possible?

Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)·2025

Same author

The humanistic burden of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis on patients and care-partners in the United States.

Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation·2025

Same author

Childhood-onset lupus nephritis: long-term outcomes and their predictors.

Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)·2025

Same author

The authors reply.

Kidney international·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection

Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection

Published on: October 12, 2017

Vesicoureteric reflux in children.

¹Department of Nephrology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.

Lancet (London, England)

|August 29, 2014

Summary

Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR), the backward flow of urine to the kidneys, affects many infants. This seminar reviews current management strategies for pediatric VUR, emphasizing updated guidelines and controversial recommendations.

Area of Science:

Pediatric Nephrology
Urology

Background:

Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) involves urine flowing backward from the bladder to the ureters and kidneys, primarily impacting infants.
Severe VUR can lead to ureteral and renal pelvis dilation.
Recent studies indicate a higher prevalence of VUR in children (25-40%) than previously believed.

Purpose of the Study:

To present data on the management of pediatric vesicoureteric reflux.
To offer guidance on navigating current, often controversial, recommendations for VUR management in children.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature and clinical data on pediatric vesicoureteric reflux.
Analysis of existing guidelines regarding VUR investigation and treatment.

Main Results:

More Related Videos

An Immature Murine Model of Reversible Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction

An Immature Murine Model of Reversible Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction

Published on: April 4, 2025

Author Spotlight: Developing a Bedside Protocol for Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasonography

Author Spotlight: Developing a Bedside Protocol for Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasonography

Published on: June 21, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection

Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection

Published on: October 12, 2017

An Immature Murine Model of Reversible Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction

An Immature Murine Model of Reversible Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction

Published on: April 4, 2025

Author Spotlight: Developing a Bedside Protocol for Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasonography

Author Spotlight: Developing a Bedside Protocol for Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasonography

Published on: June 21, 2024

Traditional views on VUR prevalence may be underestimated; current estimates suggest 25-40% of affected children.
Guidelines recommend reducing investigations for VUR after febrile urinary tract infections.
Prophylactic antibiotics and surgery are advised against for non-severe pediatric VUR cases.

Conclusions:

Current management guidelines for pediatric VUR are debated.
A critical review of VUR management strategies is necessary for optimal patient care.
This seminar aims to provide clarity and suggestions for managing children with VUR.