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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

1.7K
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers01:17

Antiepileptic Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers

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Calcium channel blockers, a class of antiepileptic drugs, regulate the flow of calcium ions within neurons.
Calcium channel blockers exert their antiepileptic effects by targeting T-type calcium channels, which are integral to transmitting nerve signals in the central nervous system. These channels allow the passage of calcium ions, which are vital for neuronal communication. By inhibiting T-type calcium channels, calcium channel blockers effectively reduce the release of neurotransmitters and...
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Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

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Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers01:08

Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers

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Antiepileptic drugs are specialized medications that prevent seizures in individuals diagnosed with epilepsy. These drugs primarily function by blocking the movement of sodium ions through channels in the neuronal membrane, inhibiting the repetitive firing of action potentials often associated with seizures.
Sodium channel blockers modulate ion channels, particularly voltage-gated sodium channels. They block only sodium ion movement.
Among the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs are...
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Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
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Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

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Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid GABA into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice
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Atherosclerosis in epilepsy: its causes and implications.

Sherifa A Hamed1

  • 1Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt.

Epilepsy & Behavior : E&B
|August 29, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Epilepsy patients show accelerated atherosclerosis, increasing risks for cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. Early detection and management of atherosclerosis are crucial for brain health in epilepsy.

Keywords:
Age-accelerated atherosclerosisAntiepileptic drugsBehaviorCarotid intima media thicknessCognitionComorbiditiesDementiaEpilepsyStroke

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Epilepsy is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis, evidenced by increased carotid artery intima-media thickness (CA-IMT).
  • This accelerated atherosclerosis raises concerns about age-accelerated cognitive and behavioral changes and increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in epilepsy patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the link between chronic epilepsy, cerebral atherosclerosis, and age-related cognitive disorders, including AD.
  • To identify shared risk factors and pathological brain abnormalities between these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological, longitudinal, prospective, and double-blinded clinical trial data.
  • Analysis of case reports documenting atherosclerosis in epilepsy patients.

Main Results:

  • Shared risk factors include increased CA-IMT, hyperhomocysteinemia, lipid abnormalities, obesity, insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
  • Common brain abnormalities include hippocampal volume reduction, frontal cortical thinning, ventricular expansion, white matter disease, brain atrophy, and beta-amyloid deposition.

Conclusions:

  • Accelerated atherosclerosis in epilepsy may contribute to cognitive and behavioral abnormalities and brain pathologies.
  • Understanding this link is vital for future research and clinical management strategies in epilepsy.