Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

921
Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
921
What are Viruses?00:50

What are Viruses?

108.9K
Overview
108.9K
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

1.5K
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
1.5K
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

42.8K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
42.8K
Introduction to Virus01:28

Introduction to Virus

2.9K
Viruses are unique biological entities that blur the boundary between living and non-living systems. Although they lack cellular structure and metabolic processes, they can exhibit characteristics of life when infecting a host. Their defining feature is a nucleic acid core, composed of either DNA or RNA, encapsulated within a protein coat called a capsid. This simple structure allows them to invade host cells and use their machinery for replication efficiently.Viral Structure and...
2.9K
Viruses of Archaea01:29

Viruses of Archaea

700
Archaeal viruses play a crucial role in the ecosystems of extremophilic archaea, particularly those belonging to the phyla Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. By shaping host evolution and facilitating gene transfer, these viruses influence microbial communities and contribute to genetic diversity in extreme environments. The archaea they infect thrive in acidic hot springs and hydrothermal vents characterized by high temperatures and low pH. Archaeal viruses exhibit remarkable structural...
700

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Begomovirus Disease Tetrahedron: Weeds as the Missing Dimension in Virus Epidemiology.

Viruses·2026
Same author

Viral effector suppresses MTA/MTB-mediated m<sup>6</sup>A modification of genomic RNAs of a plant virus to facilitate infection.

Cell reports·2026
Same author

Tobamoviruses: Molecular Aspects and Resistance Regulation-A Special Issue Commemorating 125 Years of Research on Tobamoviruses.

Viruses·2025
Same author

The Forgotten Tobamovirus Genes Encoding the 54 kDa Protein and the 4-6 kDa Proteins.

Viruses·2024
Same author

Viroids and Satellites and Their Vector Interactions.

Viruses·2024
Same author

Defense signaling pathways in resistance to plant viruses: Crosstalk and finger pointing.

Advances in virus research·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Large-scale Production of Recombinant RNAs on a Circular Scaffold Using a Viroid-derived System in Escherichia coli
10:38

Large-scale Production of Recombinant RNAs on a Circular Scaffold Using a Viroid-derived System in Escherichia coli

Published on: November 30, 2018

8.7K

What has been happening with viroids?

Peter Palukaitis1

  • 1Department of Horticultural Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, 139-774, Republic of Korea, scripath1@yahoo.co.uk.

Virus Genes
|August 29, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Viroids, which are RNA molecules without protective coats, possess unique sequences and structures enabling replication, movement, and host defense evasion. Recent research has identified key sequences for these functions and explored viroid-host interactions and control strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Plant Pathology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Viroids are small, naked RNA pathogens that replicate and move within plants without encoding proteins.
  • Their biological functions are determined by their nucleotide sequence and RNA structure.
  • Understanding viroid biology is crucial for developing effective disease management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in viroid research since 2008.
  • To identify key sequences and mechanisms underlying viroid replication, movement, and pathogenicity.
  • To explore new strategies for viroid control and resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies published since 2008.
  • Analysis of sequence data to identify functional elements.

More Related Videos

Combining Analysis of DNA in a Crude Virion Extraction with the Analysis of RNA from Infected Leaves to Discover New Virus Genomes
08:56

Combining Analysis of DNA in a Crude Virion Extraction with the Analysis of RNA from Infected Leaves to Discover New Virus Genomes

Published on: July 27, 2018

11.2K
Protocols for Investigating the Host-tissue Distribution, Transmission-mode, and Effect on the Host Fitness of a Densovirus in the Cotton Bollworm
11:12

Protocols for Investigating the Host-tissue Distribution, Transmission-mode, and Effect on the Host Fitness of a Densovirus in the Cotton Bollworm

Published on: April 12, 2017

7.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Large-scale Production of Recombinant RNAs on a Circular Scaffold Using a Viroid-derived System in Escherichia coli
10:38

Large-scale Production of Recombinant RNAs on a Circular Scaffold Using a Viroid-derived System in Escherichia coli

Published on: November 30, 2018

8.7K
Combining Analysis of DNA in a Crude Virion Extraction with the Analysis of RNA from Infected Leaves to Discover New Virus Genomes
08:56

Combining Analysis of DNA in a Crude Virion Extraction with the Analysis of RNA from Infected Leaves to Discover New Virus Genomes

Published on: July 27, 2018

11.2K
Protocols for Investigating the Host-tissue Distribution, Transmission-mode, and Effect on the Host Fitness of a Densovirus in the Cotton Bollworm
11:12

Protocols for Investigating the Host-tissue Distribution, Transmission-mode, and Effect on the Host Fitness of a Densovirus in the Cotton Bollworm

Published on: April 12, 2017

7.6K
  • Examination of experimental data on viroid-host interactions and gene expression.
  • Evaluation of novel control and resistance strategies.

    • Main Results:

    • Identification of specific sequences for viroid replication, nuclear/chloroplast uptake, and cell-to-cell movement.
    • Discovery of enzymes involved in viroid ligation.
    • Elucidation of viroid pathogenicity mechanisms via RNA silencing and identification of target small RNAs.
    • Assessment of viroid effects on plant gene expression and host protein interactions.
    • Evaluation of sequence variation in different hosts and development of control strategies.

    Conclusions:

    • Viroid functions are encoded within their RNA sequence and structure.
    • Significant progress has been made in understanding viroid replication, movement, and pathogenicity.
    • New strategies for viroid detection, control, and resistance are emerging.
    • Continued research is essential for managing viroid diseases in agriculture.