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Speech production is a continuous process. New ideas can be added to an utterance even after speaking begins, supporting the Continuous Incrementality view of message planning.

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Cognitive Science
  • Speech Production

Background:

  • Speaking involves message formulation and linguistic encoding.
  • Speech production is an incremental process with cascading planning levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To specify mechanisms supporting incremental message preparation.
  • To contrast the Initial Preparation and Continuous Incrementality hypotheses.
  • To investigate how message-level information is incorporated into linguistic plans.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments using eye-tracking.
  • Speakers produced unscripted, conjoined noun phrases with modifiers.
  • Analysis of how new message elements are incorporated during articulation.

Main Results:

  • New message elements were incrementally incorporated after articulation began.
  • Findings support the Continuous Incrementality view over the Initial Preparation view.
  • Message planning percolates to linguistic encoding as information becomes available.

Conclusions:

  • Continuous incremental planning allows fluent speech even with late-added information.
  • Incremental message planning plays a functional role in conversational speech.
  • The likelihood of observing continuous incremental planning depends on conversational context.