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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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The Parathyroid Glands00:59

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Bone disease in hypoparathyroidism.

Bart L Clarke1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States.

Arquivos Brasileiros De Endocrinologia E Metabologia
|August 29, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hypoparathyroidism, a rare disorder affecting bone remodeling, leads to higher bone mass but uncertain fracture risk. Treatment with parathyroid hormone may improve bone strength despite reducing density.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Bone Metabolism
  • Rare Diseases

Background:

  • Hypoparathyroidism is a rare endocrine disorder, often postsurgical, characterized by low parathyroid hormone levels.
  • Absence of parathyroid hormone markedly reduces bone remodeling, leading to distinct bone disease.
  • Patients with hypoparathyroidism typically exhibit higher bone mass than controls due to reduced bone turnover.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of hypoparathyroidism on bone disease and fracture risk.
  • To explore the effects of recombinant parathyroid hormone treatment on bone density and mechanical properties.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of bone disease in hypoparathyroidism.
  • Comparison of bone mass in hypoparathyroid patients versus controls.
  • Evaluation of fracture risk in the context of increased bone density and mineralization.
  • Assessment of treatment effects with recombinant parathyroid hormone.

Main Results:

  • Reduced bone remodeling is a key feature of hypoparathyroidism.
  • Increased bone mass is observed in hypoparathyroidism, but its effect on fracture risk is unclear.
  • Increased bone mineralization in hypoparathyroidism does not appear to increase bone brittleness.
  • Recombinant parathyroid hormone treatment may decrease bone mineral density while enhancing bone strength.

Conclusions:

  • Hypoparathyroidism causes unique bone changes due to hormonal deficiency.
  • The relationship between high bone mass and fracture risk in hypoparathyroidism requires further investigation.
  • Recombinant parathyroid hormone shows potential for improving bone mechanical properties in hypoparathyroidism.