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Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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Production of Synthetic Nuclear Melt Glass
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Melting a granular glass by cooling.

Jan Plagge1, Claus Heussinger1

  • 1Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|August 29, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Granular materials form glassy states at high densities. Reducing driving amplitude unexpectedly melts these granular glasses, revealing anomalous dynamics and superdiffusion due to friction.

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Complex Systems

Background:

  • Driven granular systems often form glassy phases at high particle volume fractions and low driving amplitudes.
  • Understanding the phase transitions in these systems is crucial for controlling their macroscopic behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the melting transition in a driven granular glass system.
  • To explore the role of driving amplitude and frictional interactions in granular matter dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Computer simulations of a driven granular glass model.
  • Analysis of particle dynamics, including anomalous diffusion and superdiffusive behavior.

Main Results:

  • A reentrant melting transition into a fluid state was observed upon reducing the driving amplitude.

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  • Anomalous particle dynamics and superdiffusive behavior were evidenced on intermediate time scales.
  • Frictional interactions were found to facilitate particle escape from glassy cages, contrasting with typical expectations.

    • Conclusions:

    • Reducing driving amplitude can unexpectedly melt granular glasses, challenging conventional understanding.
    • Friction plays a critical, counterintuitive role in enhancing particle mobility within granular systems.
    • The study reveals complex dynamics in driven granular matter, highlighting the importance of friction in phase transitions.