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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Complex Systems
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Aggregation-fragmentation processes are fundamental in nature, from cloud formation to intracellular trafficking.
  • Many models assume mass conservation, but real-world systems often involve open boundaries with mass influx and outflux.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate real space condensation in aggregation-fragmentation models where total mass is not conserved.
  • To analyze the scaling properties of such systems under boundary mass exchange.
  • To identify and characterize novel condensate phases and their unique properties.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations were employed to model the system's behavior.
  • Analytical techniques were used to study the system in the absence of fragmentation.
  • The study focused on systems with influx and outflux of mass at the boundaries.

Main Results:

  • A phase transition to an unusual condensate phase was observed.
  • This condensate phase is characterized by strong intermittency and giant fluctuations in total mass.
  • A related phase transition was identified for biased movement of large masses, with distinct characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • Non-conservative aggregation-fragmentation models exhibit complex phase transitions leading to unique condensate states.
  • The findings provide insights into phenomena like cloud formation and intracellular trafficking where mass is not conserved.
  • The study highlights the importance of boundary conditions and mass exchange in driving emergent collective behavior.