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Axial current generation from electric field: chiral electric separation effect.

Xu-Guang Huang1, Jinfeng Liao2

  • 1Physics Department and Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, Indiana University, 2401 North Milo B. Sampson Lane, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|August 29, 2014
PubMed
Summary

We discovered the chiral electric separation effect (CESE) where electric fields separate chiral fermions in plasma. This effect

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Area of Science:

  • Relativistic plasma physics
  • Quantum field theory
  • High-energy physics

Background:

  • Chiral fermions in relativistic plasma are crucial for understanding early universe and heavy-ion collisions.
  • External electric fields can influence the behavior of charged particles in plasma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the induction of axial currents and chirality separation in relativistic plasmas with charged chiral fermions under an external electric field.
  • To introduce and analyze the chiral electric separation effect (CESE).

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of relativistic plasma with charged chiral fermions.
  • Derivation of the CESE conductivity coefficient in thermal Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) at leading-log order.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration that an electric field induces an axial current, leading to chirality separation (CESE).
  • Establishment of the proportionality of CESE strength to the product of vector and axial charge chemical potentials (μ(V)μ(A)).
  • Identification of a new gapless wave mode propagating along the electric field due to CESE.

Conclusions:

  • The chiral electric separation effect is a novel phenomenon in relativistic plasmas.
  • CESE has potential observable consequences in heavy-ion collision experiments.
  • The theoretical framework provides a basis for further experimental and theoretical investigations.