Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Predicting Reaction Outcomes02:24

Predicting Reaction Outcomes

9.0K
Kinetics describes the rate and path by which a reaction occurs. In contrast, thermodynamics deals with state functions and describes the properties, behavior, and components of a system. It is not concerned with the path taken by the process and cannot address the rate at which a reaction occurs. Although it does provide information about what can happen during a reaction process, it does not describe the detailed steps of what appears on an atomic or a molecular level. On the other hand,...
9.0K
Energy Diagrams, Transition States, and Intermediates02:13

Energy Diagrams, Transition States, and Intermediates

15.6K
Free-energy diagrams, or reaction coordinate diagrams, are graphs showing the energy changes that occur during a chemical reaction. The reaction coordinate represented on the horizontal axis shows how far the reaction has progressed structurally. Positions along the x-axis close to the reactants have structures resembling the reactants, while positions close to the products resemble the products.  Peaks on the energy diagram represent stable structures with measurable lifetimes, while...
15.6K
Radical Reactivity: Overview01:11

Radical Reactivity: Overview

2.2K
Radicals, the highly reactive species, gain stability by undergoing three different reactions. The first reaction involves a radical-radical coupling, in which a radical combines with another radical, forming a spin‐paired molecule. The second reaction is between a radical and a spin‐paired molecule, generating a new radical and a new spin‐paired molecule. The third reaction is radical decomposition in a unimolecular reaction, forming a new radical and a spin‐paired...
2.2K
Temperature Dependence on Reaction Rate02:55

Temperature Dependence on Reaction Rate

77.6K
The Collision Theory
Atoms, molecules, or ions must collide before they can react with each other. Atoms must be close together to form chemical bonds. This premise is the basis for a theory that explains many observations regarding chemical kinetics, including factors affecting reaction rates.
The collision theory is based on the postulates that (i) the reaction rate is proportional to the rate of reactant collisions, (ii) the reacting species collide in an orientation allowing contact between...
77.6K
Reaction Mechanisms03:06

Reaction Mechanisms

24.2K
Chemical reactions often occur in a stepwise fashion, involving two or more distinct reactions taking place in a sequence. A balanced equation indicates the reacting species and the product species, but it reveals no details about how the reaction occurs at the molecular level. The reaction mechanism (or reaction path) provides details regarding the precise, step-by-step process by which a reaction occurs.
For instance, the decomposition of ozone appears to follow a mechanism with two steps:
24.2K
Multi-Step Reactions02:31

Multi-Step Reactions

7.5K
Chemical reactions often occur in a stepwise fashion involving two or more distinct reactions taking place in a sequence. A balanced equation indicates the reacting species and the product species, but it reveals no details about how the reaction occurs at the molecular level. The reaction mechanism (or reaction path) provides details regarding the precise, step-by-step process by which a reaction occurs. Each of the steps in a reaction mechanism is called an elementary reaction. These...
7.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A novel measure to analyze protein structures: Aspect ratio in protein alpha shapes.

Proteins·2021
Same author

The phase space geometry underlying roaming reaction dynamics.

Journal of mathematical chemistry·2019
Same author

Defect in the Joint Spectrum of Hydrogen due to Monodromy.

Physical review letters·2018
Same author

The flux-flux correlation function for anharmonic barriers.

The Journal of chemical physics·2011
Same author

The quantum normal form approach to reactive scattering: The cumulative reaction probability for collinear exchange reactions.

The Journal of chemical physics·2009
Same author

Microcanonical rates, gap times, and phase space dividing surfaces.

The Journal of chemical physics·2009
Same journal

Erratum: Bacterial Turbulence at Compressible Fluid Interfaces [Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 138301 (2026)].

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Unveiling Light-Quark Yukawa Flavor Structure via Dihadron Fragmentation at Lepton Colliders.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Adaptable Route to Fast Coherent State Transport via Bang-Bang-Bang Protocols.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Topological Transition and Emergence of Elasticity of Dislocation in Skyrmion Lattice: Beyond Kittel's Magnetic-Polar Analogy.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Pound-Drever-Hall Method for Superconducting-Qubit Readout.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Coupling a ^{73}Ge Nuclear Spin to an Electrostatically Defined Quantum Dot in Silicon.

Physical review letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes
09:42

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes

Published on: January 16, 2016

9.3K

Reaction dynamics through kinetic transition states.

Ünver Çiftçi1, Holger Waalkens2

  • 1Department of Mathematics, Namık Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdağ, Turkey and Johann Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 407, 9700 AK Groningen, Netherlands.

Physical Review Letters
|August 29, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers discovered a novel bottleneck in phase space that drives kinetic changes, not just configuration changes. This finding offers new insights into molecular dynamics and chemical reaction pathways.

More Related Videos

Spin Saturation Transfer Difference NMR SSTD NMR: A New Tool to Obtain Kinetic Parameters of Chemical Exchange Processes
11:44

Spin Saturation Transfer Difference NMR SSTD NMR: A New Tool to Obtain Kinetic Parameters of Chemical Exchange Processes

Published on: November 12, 2016

19.6K
Author Spotlight: Evaluation of Protein-Condensate Dynamics in Live Human Cells
06:48

Author Spotlight: Evaluation of Protein-Condensate Dynamics in Live Human Cells

Published on: January 5, 2024

5.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes
09:42

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes

Published on: January 16, 2016

9.3K
Spin Saturation Transfer Difference NMR SSTD NMR: A New Tool to Obtain Kinetic Parameters of Chemical Exchange Processes
11:44

Spin Saturation Transfer Difference NMR SSTD NMR: A New Tool to Obtain Kinetic Parameters of Chemical Exchange Processes

Published on: November 12, 2016

19.6K
Author Spotlight: Evaluation of Protein-Condensate Dynamics in Live Human Cells
06:48

Author Spotlight: Evaluation of Protein-Condensate Dynamics in Live Human Cells

Published on: January 5, 2024

5.3K

Area of Science:

  • Chemical Physics
  • Theoretical Chemistry
  • Molecular Dynamics

Background:

  • System transformations often involve phase space bottlenecks, known as transition states in chemistry.
  • These transition states typically mediate configurational changes between reactant and product states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a new type of bottleneck mediating kinetic changes.
  • To discuss phase space structures of kinetic transition states and their dynamical implications.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of phase space structures.
  • Investigation of rotational-vibrational motion in a triatomic molecule.

Main Results:

  • Identification of a novel bottleneck that mediates kinetic, rather than configurational, changes.
  • Characterization of phase space structures associated with kinetic transition states.

Conclusions:

  • Kinetic transition states represent a new class of phase space bottlenecks.
  • These findings have implications for understanding molecular dynamics and reaction mechanisms.