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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Arboviral Encephalitis

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Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
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Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
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A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts
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Haemophilic arthropathy; a case report.

J E Asuquo, E A Orimolade, L Salawu

    The Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal
    |August 30, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    This case report highlights a rare instance of haemophilic arthropathy, a condition often overlooked in the differential diagnosis of knee swelling. Prompt management involving fresh frozen plasma and physical therapy led to a good outcome.

    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedics
    • Hematology
    • Rheumatology

    Background:

    • Haemophilic arthropathy is a significant complication of haemophilia, a rare inherited bleeding disorder.
    • Knee swelling is a common orthopedic complaint with a broad differential diagnosis.
    • Early recognition and management are crucial to prevent joint damage.

    Observation:

    • A 10-year-old boy with known haemophilia presented with right knee arthropathy.
    • The patient exhibited symptoms suggestive of joint swelling and effusion.
    • This presentation is rarely considered in the differential diagnosis of knee swelling in this region.

    Findings:

    • The case confirms the existence and management of haemophilic arthropathy in this specific environment.
    • Multidisciplinary co-management with hematology and physical therapy was employed.

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  • Treatment involved fresh frozen plasma and targeted physical therapy, resulting in a positive patient response.

    • Implications:

    • This case underscores the importance of including haemophilic arthropathy in the differential diagnosis of knee swelling, especially in patients with a history of bleeding disorders.
    • It highlights the need for increased awareness and experience in managing this rare condition in the local context.
    • Effective management strategies involve a collaborative approach between orthopedic surgeons, hematologists, and physical therapists.