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Isolated popliteal vein entrapment.

M C Nelson1, G P Teitelbaum, A H Matsumoto

  • 1Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, D.C. 20007.

Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology
|November 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

We found that the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle can cause isolated popliteal vein entrapment. This condition was confirmed using venography and magnetic resonance imaging of the knee.

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Surgery
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Popliteal vein entrapment syndrome (PVES) is a rare condition that can lead to deep vein thrombosis.
  • The popliteal vein can be compressed by surrounding anatomical structures, most commonly the popliteal artery or fibrous bands.
  • Isolated popliteal vein entrapment, without arterial involvement, is exceptionally uncommon.

Observation:

  • Two patients presented with symptoms suggestive of venous compromise in the lower leg.
  • Diagnostic imaging, including venography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee, was performed.
  • Both imaging modalities revealed compression of the popliteal vein.

Findings:

  • The cause of popliteal vein compression in both cases was identified as the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle.
  • This anatomical variation led to isolated entrapment of the popliteal vein, without associated arterial compression.
  • The findings highlight a previously under-recognized etiology for popliteal vein entrapment syndrome.

Implications:

  • Gastrocnemius muscle anomalies should be considered in the differential diagnosis of popliteal vein entrapment.
  • Accurate diagnosis using venography and MRI is crucial for appropriate management.
  • Understanding this specific cause may improve surgical planning and patient outcomes for isolated popliteal vein entrapment.

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