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Related Concept Videos

Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Microbial Interactions: Parasitism01:22

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Parasitism is a form of microbial interaction in which parasitic microbes exploit a host organism for nutrients and shelter, often at the host's expense. Unlike mutualistic relationships, where both organisms benefit, parasitism benefits only the parasite and harms the host.Classification of ParasitesMicrobial parasites are broadly classified based on their location relative to the host.Ectoparasites remain on the host’s surface, such as the skin or outer tissues, drawing nutrients...
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Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Limits to Natural Selection01:38

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Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.
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Competition02:34

Competition

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When organisms require the same limited resources within an environment, they may have to compete for them. Competition is a net-negative interaction. Even if two competing individuals or populations do not interact directly, the overall fitness of both competitors is lowered as a result of not having full access to the limited resource.
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Evolution of New Traits in Microbes01:24

Evolution of New Traits in Microbes

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Microorganisms evolve rapidly due to their large population sizes and short generation times, often exhibiting measurable changes within days under laboratory conditions. Natural selection acts on standing genetic variation, enabling the retention and amplification of beneficial traits that confer fitness advantages in changing environments.Adaptive Pigment Regulation in RhodobacterIn Rhodobacter, a genus of purple non-sulfur bacteria, light-harvesting pigments such as bacteriochlorophyll and...
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Inoculating Anopheles gambiae Mosquitoes with Beads to Induce and Measure the Melanization Immune Response
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Higher resources decrease fluctuating selection during host-parasite coevolution.

Laura Lopez Pascua1, Alex R Hall, Alex Best

  • 1Oxford Regional Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK.

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|August 30, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nutrient availability shifts bacterial-viral coevolution. Higher nutrients promote an "arms race dynamic" (ARD), while lower nutrients favor fluctuating selection dynamics (FSD) due to resistance costs and population sizes.

Keywords:
Adaptive dynamicsbacteriaexperimental evolutionvirus

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Microbial ecology
  • Population dynamics

Background:

  • Environmental factors significantly influence coevolutionary processes, but their specific effects remain underexplored.
  • Understanding these dynamics is crucial for predicting ecological interactions and evolutionary trajectories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how nutrient availability affects the balance between arms race dynamics (ARD) and fluctuating selection dynamics (FSD) in coevolving bacteria and viruses.
  • To differentiate between direct and indirect effects of nutrient levels on resistance and infectivity.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of coevolutionary dynamics.
  • Empirical experiments with coevolving bacteria and virus populations under varying nutrient conditions.
  • Analysis of bacterial resistance and viral infectivity over time.

Main Results:

  • Increased nutrient availability shifted coevolution from FSD to ARD.
  • Lower nutrient availability led to fluctuations in infectivity and resistance, explained by elevated resistance costs and reduced resistance benefits.
  • Nutrient availability directly impacts resistance costs and indirectly affects them via host-parasite population sizes.

Conclusions:

  • Nutrient availability is a key environmental factor that predictably alters coevolutionary dynamics.
  • Both direct effects (resistance costs) and indirect effects (ecological feedbacks) mediate the influence of nutrients on coevolution.
  • Findings highlight the generalizability of nutrient effects on qualitative coevolutionary patterns.