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Related Concept Videos

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

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Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
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Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
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The adherens junctions that anchor cells together are multi-protein complexes that dynamically adapt to mechanical stimuli such as tensile forces and shear stress. Mechanosensory proteins in these junctions can sense such mechanical stimuli and undergo a shift in their conformation, resulting in an altered function — a process called mechanotransduction.
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G Protein–Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to various stimuli. GPCRs regulate critical physiological pathways and are excellent drug targets for treating diseases such as diabetes, cancer, obesity, depression, or Alzheimer's. Nearly 35% of approved drugs implement their therapeutic effects by selectively interacting with specific GPCRs.
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A Simple and Inexpensive Method for Determining Cold Sensitivity and Adaptation in Mice
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MechanoTRPs and TRPA1.

Andrew J Castiglioni1, Jaime García-Añoveros1

  • 1Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology, and Neurology, Northwestern University Institute for Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611.

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Two ion channel families, degenerin/epithelial Na+ channels (Deg/ENaCs) and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, are key in mechanosensation. TRPA1 channels, found in pain and ear neurons, may also function as mechanosensors.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Ion Channel Physiology

Background:

  • Mechanosensory cells utilize ion channels for mechanical signal transduction.
  • Degenerin/epithelial Na+ channels (Deg/ENaCs) and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are critical in this process.
  • TRPA1 channels are known for chemosensation in nociceptors and the inner ear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of TRPA1 channels in mechanosensation.
  • To investigate the potential mechanosensory functions of TRPA1 channels beyond chemosensation.
  • To characterize the genetic and molecular properties of TRPA1.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic and molecular analyses in animal models.
  • Expression pattern analysis of TRPA1 in sensory neurons and epithelia.
  • Functional studies on TRP channels, including TRPV4, in response to mechanical stimuli.

Main Results:

  • TRPA1 is expressed in nociceptive neurons and inner ear sensory epithelia.
  • Evidence suggests TRPA1 may function as a mechanosensory channel.
  • TRPV4 channels, while involved in mechanical responses, are not always directly mechanically gated.

Conclusions:

  • TRPA1 channels are implicated in both chemosensation and potentially mechanosensation.
  • TRP channels represent a diverse family with varied roles in sensory perception.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanosensory roles of TRPA1.