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Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Use of Ultra-high Field MRI in Small Rodent Models of Polycystic Kidney Disease for In Vivo Phenotyping and Drug Monitoring
Published on: June 23, 2015
APOL1 kidney risk alleles: population genetics and disease associations
Sophie Limou1, George W Nelson1, Jeffrey B Kopp1
1Basic Science Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD; and Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
Abstract:
APOL1 kidney disease is a unique case in the field of the genetics of common disease: 2 variants (termed G1 and G2) with high population frequency have been repeatedly associated with nondiabetic CKDs, with very strong effect size (odds ratios 3-29) in populations of sub-Saharan African descent. This review provides an update on the spectrum of APOL1 kidney disease and on the worldwide distribution of these kidney risk variants. We also summarize the proper way to run a recessive analysis on joint and independent effects of APOL1 G1 and G2 kidney risk variants.
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