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Published on: March 8, 2012
HPV seroconversion following anal and penile HPV infection in HIV-negative and HIV-infected MSM
Sofie H Mooij1, Olivia Landén2, Fiona R M van der Klis3
1Cluster of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam (GGD), Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. somooij@ggd.amsterdam.nl.
Background:
We assessed human papillomavirus (HPV) seroconversion following anal and penile HPV infection in HIV-negative and HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM).
Methods:
MSM aged ≥18 years were recruited in Amsterdam, the Netherlands (2010-2011), and followed up semiannually. Antibodies against 7 high-risk HPV types in baseline and 12-month serum samples were tested using a multiplex immunoassay. Baseline, 6-, and 12-month anal and penile samples were tested for HPV DNA using the SPF10-PCR DEIA/LiPA25 system. Statistical analyses were performed using logistic regression with generalized estimating equations.
Results:
Of 644 MSM included in the analysis, 245 (38%) were HIV-infected. Median age was 38 years for HIV-negative and 47 years for HIV-infected MSM (P < 0.001). Seroconversion against ≥1 of the 7 HPV types was observed in 74 of 396 (19%) HIV-negative and 52 of 223 (23%) HIV-infected MSM at risk (P = 0.2). Incident [adjusted OR (aOR) 2.0; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1-3.4] and persistent (aOR 3.7; 95% CI, 1.5-9.5) anal HPV infections were independently associated with type-specific seroconversion in HIV-negative MSM. In HIV-infected MSM, there was a nonsignificant positive association between penile HPV infection at any time point and seroconversion (aOR 1.7; 95% CI, 0.9-3.2).
Conclusions:
Incident or persistent anal HPV infection was an independent determinant of seroconversion in HIV-negative MSM.
Impact:
Our data support that seroresponse may vary per anatomic site and that persistent HPV infections are more likely to elicit a detectable humoral immune response.
