Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Central Dogma01:20

The Central Dogma

21.2K
The central dogma explains the flow of genetic information from DNA nucleotides to the amino acid sequence of proteins.
RNA is the Missing Link Between DNA and Proteins
In the early 1900s, scientists discovered that DNA stores all the information needed for cellular functions and that proteins perform most of these functions. However, the mechanisms of converting genetic information into functional proteins remained unknown for many years. Initially, it was believed that a single gene is...
21.2K
The Central Dogma01:25

The Central Dogma

116.5K
Overview
116.5K
Genetic Screens02:46

Genetic Screens

4.6K
Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
Forward genetic screens
Forward or “classical” genetic screens involve creating random mutations in an organism’s DNA using radiation, mutagens, or insertion of additional bases, which...
4.6K
From DNA to Protein03:06

From DNA to Protein

20.6K
The flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA to protein is described by the central dogma, which states that genes specify the sequence of mRNAs, which in turn specify the sequence of amino acids making up all proteins. The decoding of one molecule to another is performed by specific proteins and RNAs. Because the information stored in DNA is so central to cellular function, it makes intuitive sense that the cell would make mRNA copies of this information for protein synthesis...
20.6K
What is Genetic Engineering?00:49

What is Genetic Engineering?

70.3K
Overview
70.3K
Recombinant DNA01:09

Recombinant DNA

92.2K
Overview
92.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Continuous Hypermutation and Evolution of Noncanonical Amino Acid Synthases.

ACS synthetic biology·2026
Same author

Continuous hypermutation and evolution of noncanonical amino acid synthases.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

BoltzGen: Toward Universal Binder Design.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Continuous Hypermutation and Evolution of Luciferase Variants.

ACS chemical biology·2025
Same author

Atomically accurate de novo design of antibodies with RFdiffusion.

Nature·2025
Same author

Continuous hypermutation and evolution of luciferase variants.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Genetic Barcoding with Fluorescent Proteins for Multiplexed Applications
13:14

Genetic Barcoding with Fluorescent Proteins for Multiplexed Applications

Published on: April 14, 2015

8.7K

Biological applications of expanded genetic codes.

Xiang Li1, Chang C Liu

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Irvine, 3120 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697 (USA).

Chembiochem : a European Journal of Chemical Biology
|August 30, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Scientists have expanded genetic codes to incorporate over 100 unnatural amino acids into various organisms. This advancement offers versatile applications across biology and bioengineering, solidifying its foundational role in life sciences.

Keywords:
cell biologydirected evolutiongenetic codeprotein engineeringsynthetic biology

More Related Videos

Optimizing the Genetic Incorporation of Chemical Probes into GPCRs for Photo-crosslinking Mapping and Bioorthogonal Chemistry in Live Mammalian Cells
14:02

Optimizing the Genetic Incorporation of Chemical Probes into GPCRs for Photo-crosslinking Mapping and Bioorthogonal Chemistry in Live Mammalian Cells

Published on: April 9, 2018

7.9K
Super-Resolution Imaging of Bacterial Secreted Proteins Using Genetic Code Expansion
13:11

Super-Resolution Imaging of Bacterial Secreted Proteins Using Genetic Code Expansion

Published on: February 10, 2023

2.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Genetic Barcoding with Fluorescent Proteins for Multiplexed Applications
13:14

Genetic Barcoding with Fluorescent Proteins for Multiplexed Applications

Published on: April 14, 2015

8.7K
Optimizing the Genetic Incorporation of Chemical Probes into GPCRs for Photo-crosslinking Mapping and Bioorthogonal Chemistry in Live Mammalian Cells
14:02

Optimizing the Genetic Incorporation of Chemical Probes into GPCRs for Photo-crosslinking Mapping and Bioorthogonal Chemistry in Live Mammalian Cells

Published on: April 9, 2018

7.9K
Super-Resolution Imaging of Bacterial Secreted Proteins Using Genetic Code Expansion
13:11

Super-Resolution Imaging of Bacterial Secreted Proteins Using Genetic Code Expansion

Published on: February 10, 2023

2.0K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Synthetic Biology
  • Bioengineering

Background:

  • The genetic code, fundamental to life, has been systematically expanded over the past decade.
  • This expansion enables the direct ribosomal incorporation of unnatural amino acids.
  • Over 100 unnatural amino acids can now be integrated into biological systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To illustrate the versatility of expanded genetic codes.
  • To highlight applications in protein, cell, synthetic, and evolutionary biology.
  • To underscore the growing importance of this technology in biological sciences.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic expansion of genetic codes.
  • Ribosomal incorporation of unnatural amino acids.
  • Application in diverse biological research areas.

Main Results:

  • Successful incorporation of approximately 100 unnatural amino acids.
  • Demonstrated versatility across bacteria, yeast, mammalian cells, and animals.
  • Broad applicability in various biological and bioengineering fields.

Conclusions:

  • Expanded genetic codes are a versatile tool with significant potential.
  • The technology is becoming foundational in biological sciences.
  • Continued development will further solidify its impact on research and applications.