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Intermolecular Forces

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Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...

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Electric Dipoles and Dipole Moment

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Consider two charges of equal magnitude but opposite signs. If they cannot be separated by an external electric field, the system is called a permanent dipole. For example, the water molecule is a dipole, making it a good solvent.
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Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy

Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy

Published on: May 27, 2018

Dipolar correlations in liquid water.

Cui Zhang¹, Giulia Galli²

¹Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.

The Journal of Chemical Physics

|September 1, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Molecular dynamics simulations reveal water

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The Preparation of Electrohydrodynamic Bridges from Polar Dielectric Liquids

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Published on: September 30, 2014

Area of Science:

Physical Chemistry
Computational Chemistry
Materials Science

Background:

Understanding water's structure and dynamics is crucial for chemical and biological processes.
Dipolar correlations influence macroscopic properties like dielectric constants.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze dipolar correlations in water under varying temperature, density, and ionic conditions.
To investigate the influence of ions on water's nanoscale structure and dynamics.

Main Methods:

Molecular dynamics simulations.
Empirical potentials for interatomic interactions.
Analysis of dipole-dipole correlation functions and system dipole moment decay times.

Main Results:

Water exhibits nanoscale domains (approx. 1.5 nm) with temperature-dependent oscillations in dipolar correlations.
Nanodomain size is largely insensitive to temperature and density but significantly altered by ions.
System dipole moment decay time (τ) varies with temperature and density, showing a maximum around 300 K and specific densities.

Conclusions:

Water's nanoscale organization is robust across a range of conditions but sensitive to ionic solutes.
The observed phenomena provide insights into the complex interplay between water structure, dynamics, and ion solvation.