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Published on: August 28, 2018
Angiographic prevalence and pattern of coronary artery disease in women
Babu Ezhumalai1, Balachander Jayaraman2
1Department of Cardiology, Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Puducherry, India.
Insights
Prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in women undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) shows differences based on age, with elderly women having more obstructive CAD. However, the overall pattern of coronary artery involvement remains consistent across age groups.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Vascular Medicine
- Diagnostic Imaging
Background:
- Limited studies exist on the prevalence and patterns of coronary artery disease (CAD) in women undergoing coronary angiography (CAG).
- This lack of data creates uncertainty regarding the angiographic presentation of CAD in the female population.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence and patterns of coronary artery disease (CAD) among women undergoing coronary angiography (CAG).
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 500 women who underwent CAG for suspected CAD over three years.
- Participants were categorized into a young group (age < 55 years) and an elderly group (age ≥ 55 years).
- The study also examined the angiographic profile of left main disease (LMD).
Main Results:
- Obstructive CAD, particularly double and triple vessel disease, was more prevalent in the elderly group, while normal coronary arteries were more common in the young group.
- The prevalence of left main disease (LMD) was 3.4%, obstructive CAD was 45.4%, and multivessel disease was 28%.
- The left anterior descending artery was the most commonly affected vessel, and bifurcation lesions involving the distal left main coronary artery were the most prevalent pattern of LMD.
Conclusions:
- While clinical presentation and risk factors for CAD onset in younger women have evolved, the atherosclerotic burden and coronary artery involvement patterns have remained unchanged.
- The study highlights age-related differences in CAD prevalence but consistency in arterial patterns among women.
Background:
There are not many studies describing the prevalence and pattern of "coronary artery disease" (CAD) in women undergoing "coronary angiography" (CAG). Hence, uncertainty thrives with regard to the angiographic prevalence and pattern of CAD in women.
Objective:
Our objective was to study the prevalence and pattern of CAD among women undergoing CAG.
Methods:
Data of 500 women who underwent CAG for suspected CAD over 3 years were retrospectively analyzed. They were classified into young group (age < 55 years) and elderly group (age ≥ 55 years). Angiographic profile of "left main disease" (LMD) was also studied.
Results:
There was greater prevalence of obstructive CAD especially double vessel disease and triple vessel disease in elderly group while normal coronaries were more prevalent in young group. There was equal distribution of non-significant lesions and intermediate lesions between the two groups. The prevalence of LMD is 3.4%, obstructive CAD is 45.4%, and multivessel disease is 28%. The prevalence of LMD and multivessel disease is 31.4%. The pattern of involvement of coronary arteries was same between the two groups; left anterior descending artery is the most commonly affected vessel. Chronic total occlusion mostly involved right coronary artery. Bifurcation lesion involving distal left main coronary artery is the most prevalent pattern of LMD.
Conclusion:
There has been a change with regard to clinical presentation and onset of risk factors for CAD at young age, but the load of atherosclerotic burden and pattern of involvement of coronary arteries have not changed in women.
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