Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Associative Learning01:27

Associative Learning

2.1K
Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
2.1K
Visual System01:26

Visual System

2.3K
Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
2.3K
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

10.1K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
10.1K
Vision01:24

Vision

48.5K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
48.5K
Visual Agnosia01:12

Visual Agnosia

2.0K
Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round...
2.0K
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

2.2K
Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
2.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The mind's average: Unseen, internally generated ensemble representations can guide visual attention.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2026
Same author

'Not so intuitive' physics: Orientation supersedes stability in prioritizing attention.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2025
Same author

Rapid development of inhibitory effects in response to novel features: It's mostly target-feature enhancement.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2025
Same author

Examining visual prior entry of semantic affective valences: positive is biased over negative.

Cognition & emotion·2025
Same author

Selectively attended information is obligatorily encoded into visual working memory.

Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance·2025
Same author

The fate of visual working memory items after their job is done.

Journal of vision·2025
Same journal

Corrigendum to 'Consonant, vowel, and tone cues in early wordform recognition: Evidence from Cantonese-learning infants' [Cognition 275 (2026) 106624].

Cognition·2026
Same journal

Identifying distinct sources of whole number interference in children's decimal comparison: the role of numerical magnitude and inhibitory control.

Cognition·2026
Same journal

Evidence for abstract spatial concept learning in young animals.

Cognition·2026
Same journal

Blurred lines or clear boundaries? Synchrony and social dominance shape domain-specific self-other processing.

Cognition·2026
Same journal

Knowability predicts curiosity and learning.

Cognition·2026
Same journal

Throwing good effort after bad: Evidence for a sunk-cost effect in cognitive effort-based decision-making.

Cognition·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity
06:46

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

Published on: March 18, 2019

8.8K

Visual attention to features by associative learning.

Davood G Gozli1, Joshua B Moskowitz1, Jay Pratt1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Cognition
|September 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Learned associations between shapes and colors influence attention. Participants directed attention to colors linked with expected target shapes, demonstrating how associative learning impacts feature-based attention.

Keywords:
Associative learningEpisodic memoryFeature-based attentionVisual attention

More Related Videos

Visual Classical Conditioning in Wood Ants
05:46

Visual Classical Conditioning in Wood Ants

Published on: October 5, 2018

9.1K
Simultaneous Eye Tracking and Single-Neuron Recordings in Human Epilepsy Patients
07:43

Simultaneous Eye Tracking and Single-Neuron Recordings in Human Epilepsy Patients

Published on: June 17, 2019

6.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 25, 2026

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity
06:46

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

Published on: March 18, 2019

8.8K
Visual Classical Conditioning in Wood Ants
05:46

Visual Classical Conditioning in Wood Ants

Published on: October 5, 2018

9.1K
Simultaneous Eye Tracking and Single-Neuron Recordings in Human Epilepsy Patients
07:43

Simultaneous Eye Tracking and Single-Neuron Recordings in Human Epilepsy Patients

Published on: June 17, 2019

6.9K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Goal-driven attention prioritizes expected stimuli.
  • The influence of learned associations on attention to co-occurring stimuli is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how learned associations between colors and target shapes affect feature-based attention.
  • To determine if attention can be oriented to features (colors) based on their association with expected stimuli (shapes).

Main Methods:

  • Participants underwent an acquisition phase to learn stimulus-response-outcome associations (shape-key press-color).
  • A test phase assessed attentional orienting to color transients when a target shape was expected.
  • The study manipulated the conjunction of shape and color features.

Main Results:

  • Participants showed attentional orienting towards colors associated with the expected target shape.
  • No attentional orienting was observed for colors linked to non-target shapes.
  • This attentional bias was driven by shape-color associations, not response requirements.
  • The effect depended on observing spatiotemporally overlapping shape-color conjunctions.

Conclusions:

  • Associative learning extends goal-driven attention to associated features.
  • Mechanisms of visual object representation likely mediate this effect.
  • Learned associations can bias attention towards features linked to expected stimuli.