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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Neural correlates during working memory processing in major depressive disorder.

Xiu-Li Wang1, Ming-Ying Du2, Tao-Lin Chen2

  • 1Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China; Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry
|September 2, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) patients show consistent brain functional abnormalities in cortical-limbic-subcortical circuits during working memory (WM) tasks. These neural patterns may indicate compensatory strategies for underlying dysfunction.

Keywords:
Effect size signed differential mappingFunctional magnetic resonance imagingMajor depressive disorderMeta-analysisWorking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in major depressive disorder (MDD) reveal inconsistent findings regarding cortical-limbic-subcortical dysfunction during working memory (WM).
  • Previous research has not fully clarified the influence of demographic, clinical, and performance factors on these observed neural differences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a quantitative coordinate-based meta-analysis of fMRI data to investigate neural correlates of WM processing in MDD.
  • To explore potential influences of age, sex, and medication on brain function during WM in MDD patients.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic research of fMRI studies comparing MDD patients and healthy controls (HC) during WM tasks.
  • Meta-analysis using effect size signed differential mapping (ES-SDM).
  • Meta-regression analyses to assess the impact of age, sex, and medication in the MDD group.

Main Results:

  • Analysis of 13 WM experiments (160 MDD patients, 203 HC) revealed increased activation in left prefrontal cortex, left precentral gyrus, left insula, right superior temporal, and right supramarginal areas in MDD.
  • MDD patients showed decreased activity in the right precentral gyrus, right precuneus, and right insula compared to controls.
  • Subgroup analysis with matched task performance showed similar hyperactivation in the left prefrontal cortex and hypoactivation patterns, while meta-regression found no significant influence of age, sex, or medication.

Conclusions:

  • Patients with MDD exhibit consistent functional abnormalities in the cortical-limbic-subcortical circuitry during WM processing, irrespective of task performance differences.
  • Observed distinct patterns of neural engagement in MDD may represent compensatory mechanisms for underlying brain dysfunction.