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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Dermis
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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
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The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
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The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 25, 2026

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The deep penetrating nevus.

Lauren Strazzula1, Maryanne Makredes Senna2, Mariko Yasuda2

  • 1University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
|September 2, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Deep penetrating nevus (DPN), a benign lesion, can resemble melanoma. This review clarifies DPN

Keywords:
deep penetrating nevusdermatopathologymalignant melanomamelanocytic tumor of uncertain malignant potentialnevus with focal atypical epithelioid componentsplexiform spindle cell nevus

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatopathology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Deep penetrating nevus (DPN), also termed plexiform spindle cell nevus, is a melanocytic lesion.
  • DPN typically presents on the head and neck in young adults.
  • Histopathological features include a wedge shape and deep dermal infiltration of melanocytes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical and histopathological characteristics of DPN.
  • To discuss diagnostic challenges and management strategies for DPN.
  • To differentiate DPN from malignant melanoma.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical and histopathological studies on DPN.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria and differential diagnoses.
  • Summary of current treatment approaches.

Main Results:

  • DPN exhibits specific histopathological features that can mimic melanoma.
  • Accurate diagnosis requires careful evaluation of clinical and microscopic findings.
  • Distinguishing DPN from melanoma is crucial for appropriate patient management.

Conclusions:

  • DPN is a distinct entity that requires careful diagnostic consideration.
  • Understanding DPN's features aids dermatologists in avoiding misdiagnosis.
  • Appropriate management strategies are essential for benign DPN lesions.