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Updated: Apr 24, 2026

Ocular Kinematics Measured by In Vitro Stimulation of the Cranial Nerves in the Turtle
Published on: June 2, 2018
Presumed canine trigemino-abducens synkinesis in a dog
Salih Eminaga1, David Williams2, Giunio Bruto Cherubini1
1Neurology and Neurosurgery, Dick White Referrals, Station Farm, London Road, Six Mile Bottom, CB8 0UH, UK.
Abstract:
A ten-year-old male neutered Rhodesian ridgeback cross dog was presented for the investigation of abnormal bilateral protrusion of the third eyelid when chewing. Physical, ophthalmological, and neurological examinations were unremarkable. Thoracic radiographs, abdominal ultrasound, and magnetic resonance of the brain and orbits failed to reveal any abnormalities. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed elevated protein, but the nucleated cell count was normal. trigemino-abducens synkinesis was presumptively diagnosed. Aetiopathogenesis of this condition is discussed. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of presumed trigemino-abducens synkinesis in a dog.
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