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Global Climate Change01:50

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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview01:19

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In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
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Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences01:20

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Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is a highly selective and sensitive technique for accurate elemental analysis. Though the analysis of ICP–MS mass spectra is comparatively straightforward, it is affected by spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic interferences. Spectroscopic interferences arise when the plasma contains ionic species with an m/z value the same as the analyte ion. Spectroscopic interference can be categorized as isobaric, polyatomic ions, and...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle01:19

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
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Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

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Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
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Updated: Apr 24, 2026

Absolute Quantitation of Inositol Pyrophosphates by Capillary Electrophoresis Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
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IPBES ≠ IPCC.

Thomas M Brooks1, John F Lamoreux2, Jorge Soberón3

  • 1International Union for Conservation of Nature, 1196 Gland, Switzerland.

Trends in Ecology & Evolution
|September 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) and climate change adaptation require more than just assessment. Knowledge generation, capacity-building, and policy support functions need greater budget allocation for effective science-policy interfaces.

Keywords:
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeIntergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Servicesassessmentcapacity-buildingknowledge generationpolicy support

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental science and policy
  • Climate change science
  • Biodiversity conservation

Background:

  • The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) excels at global assessment for climate change mitigation.
  • Existing science-policy interfaces often focus primarily on assessment.
  • Biodiversity and ecosystem services, along with climate change adaptation, require broader functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the functional needs of science-policy interfaces beyond traditional assessment.
  • To highlight the necessity of knowledge generation, capacity-building, and policy support.
  • To advocate for increased resource allocation to these broader functions.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of science-policy interface models (IPCC vs. IPBES).
  • Review of IPBES work program and budget allocation.
  • Examination of mechanisms for climate change adaptation support.

Main Results:

  • IPBES and climate change adaptation necessitate knowledge generation, capacity-building, and policy support, in addition to assessment.
  • Current budget share for these functions in IPBES is insufficient (less than a third).
  • Mechanisms like the Nairobi Work Programme and Adaptation Committee for adaptation require more attention and resources.

Conclusions:

  • Science-policy interfaces for biodiversity and climate change adaptation need a multi-functional approach.
  • Inadequate funding for knowledge generation, capacity-building, and policy support hinders effectiveness.
  • Increased attention and resources are crucial for successful implementation of these broader functions.