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Related Concept Videos

Proteomics01:33

Proteomics

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A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term...
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Updated: Apr 24, 2026

Differentiating Chondrocytes from Peripheral Blood-derived Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Chopping off the chondrocyte proteome.

Mona Dvir-Ginzberg1, Eli Reich1

  • 1a Laboratory of Cartilage Biology , Faculty of Dental Medicine, Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem , Israel.

Biomarkers : Biochemical Indicators of Exposure, Response, and Susceptibility to Chemicals
|September 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Osteoarthritis (OA) involves cartilage breakdown. Detecting early OA may involve analyzing both extracellular degraded products and cellular proteins in bodily fluids for effective drug development.

Keywords:
Biomarkerschondrocytesosteoarthritisproteolytic enzymesproteome

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by progressive articular cartilage degeneration.
  • Inflammatory stress causes chondrocytes to enter a pro-catabolic state, activating proteases.
  • Early detection of OA is crucial to prevent extensive cartilage destruction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review extracellular degraded products and cellular pathway-generated products as potential OA biomarkers.
  • To explore the role of cleaved cellular proteins in chondrocyte metabolism and cartilage secretome.
  • To propose combined biomarkers for early OA detection and drug efficacy testing.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on osteoarthritis biomarkers.
  • Analysis of extracellular matrix degradation products.
  • Investigation of cellular pathway activation and protein cleavage in chondrocytes.

Main Results:

  • Both extracellular components and cleaved cellular proteins are discussed as potential biomarkers.
  • Cleaved cellular proteins, though less abundant, significantly impact cell metabolism and cartilage secretome.
  • Subtle changes in cell secretome may indicate chondrocyte metabolic and biological status.

Conclusions:

  • Combined biomarkers from cell and extracellular-degraded secretome offer a promising platform for early OA detection.
  • This approach could facilitate testing drug efficacy to halt OA progression.
  • Future research should focus on validating these combined biomarkers for clinical application.