Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Overview Of Cell Separation And Isolation01:20

Overview Of Cell Separation And Isolation

5.8K
Cell separation was first achieved in 1964 by S. H. Seal, who separated large tumor cells from the smaller blood cells using filtration. Two years later, Pohl and Hawk performed experiments on how cells respond differently to a nonuniform electric field based on the cell type. Such observations were the inception of cell separation methods, which allow isolating a single cell type from a heterogeneous sample.
5.8K
Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

3.6K
At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
3.6K
Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

2.3K
2.3K
Subcellular Fractionation01:32

Subcellular Fractionation

7.2K
The homogenate obtained after cell lysis contains various membrane-bound organelles that can be further separated into pure fractions by subcellular fractionation. These isolates are used to study specific cellular components, analyze localized protein activity, and are even employed in diagnostics. Fractionation is typically achieved using centrifugation methods, the most common being density-gradient and differential centrifugation.
Differential Centrifugation
Differential centrifugation is...
7.2K
Condensins02:15

Condensins

3.7K
Condensins are large protein complexes that use ATP to fuel the assembly of chromosomes during mitosis. They transform the tangled, shapeless mass of post-interphase DNA into individualized chromosomes by compacting, organizing, and segregating chromosomal DNA.
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...
3.7K
Distribution of Cytoplasmic Content02:33

Distribution of Cytoplasmic Content

3.3K
Cytokinesis segregates a cell’s chromosomes and organelles into its daughter cells. Organelles divide and grow prior to cell division but cannot be synthesized de novo; therefore, cells must receive at least one copy of each organelle to survive. Currently, many of the details of how the organelles are distributed are not yet fully elucidated.
Distribution of cytoplasmic determinants
The cytoplasm contains various organelles, as well as salts, proteins, and water. The distribution of...
3.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Quantifying Species-Specific Binding Affinities of Transthyretin Aggregation Inhibitors.

Biophysical reports·2026
Same author

Exploring Resistance to ETS Targeting Agents in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.

Cancer medicine·2026
Same author

The unphosphorylated, closed form of ezrin binds to RNA to maintain a metastatic phenotype in osteosarcoma cells.

Science signaling·2026
Same author

A Novel FLI1 Monoclonal Antibody Which Recognizes EWS::FLI1 with High Affinity Is Useful for Detecting Ewing Sarcoma.

Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Discovery of a Cryptic Pocket in EcDsbA Opens New Opportunities for Antibacterial Discovery.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2025
Same author

Linker Length and Composition within Disordered Binding Motifs Modulates the Avidity and Reversibility of a Multivalent Protein Interaction Switch.

Journal of molecular biology·2025
Same journal

The Rab GEF VINE couples phosphatase recruitment to GAP-mediated Rab5 inactivation.

The Journal of cell biology·2026
Same journal

Intercellular mitochondrial transfer and trans-mitophagy in response to protein import dysfunction.

The Journal of cell biology·2026
Same journal

aPKC exclusion from the apical cortex in enteroblasts maintains stem cell homeostasis in Drosophila.

The Journal of cell biology·2026
Same journal

A pan-vertebrate signaling motif controls the molecular function of intracellular AQP12.

The Journal of cell biology·2026
Same journal

Synergistic assembly, disassembly, and protection of complex forms of bundled F-actin.

The Journal of cell biology·2026
Same journal

Recruitment and release of XPG during NER is controlled by pre- and post-incision factors and EXO1.

The Journal of cell biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 24, 2026

Cell Co-culture Patterning Using Aqueous Two-phase Systems
10:11

Cell Co-culture Patterning Using Aqueous Two-phase Systems

Published on: March 26, 2013

18.2K

Assemblages: functional units formed by cellular phase separation.

Jeffrey A Toretsky1, Peter E Wright2

  • 1Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057 jat42@georgetown.edu.

The Journal of Cell Biology
|September 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular structures called assemblages form functional granules through protein phase separation. Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) drive this process, offering potential therapeutic targets for diseases.

More Related Videos

Fabrication of a Multiplexed Artificial Cellular MicroEnvironment Array
07:19

Fabrication of a Multiplexed Artificial Cellular MicroEnvironment Array

Published on: September 7, 2018

7.9K
Preparation of Primary Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells in Different Cell Cycle Phases by Centrifugal Elutriation
09:09

Preparation of Primary Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells in Different Cell Cycle Phases by Centrifugal Elutriation

Published on: November 10, 2017

7.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 24, 2026

Cell Co-culture Patterning Using Aqueous Two-phase Systems
10:11

Cell Co-culture Patterning Using Aqueous Two-phase Systems

Published on: March 26, 2013

18.2K
Fabrication of a Multiplexed Artificial Cellular MicroEnvironment Array
07:19

Fabrication of a Multiplexed Artificial Cellular MicroEnvironment Array

Published on: September 7, 2018

7.9K
Preparation of Primary Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells in Different Cell Cycle Phases by Centrifugal Elutriation
09:09

Preparation of Primary Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells in Different Cell Cycle Phases by Centrifugal Elutriation

Published on: November 10, 2017

7.9K

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Cells partition intracellular space using membrane-bound organelles.
  • Non-membrane-bound compartments, termed 'assemblages,' form via protein self-assembly.
  • Protein multivalency and intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) drive assemblage formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) in cellular assemblage formation.
  • To investigate the biophysical mechanisms underlying IDP-driven phase separation.
  • To highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting IDPs and phase transitions in disease.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of protein structure-function relationships.
  • Biophysical techniques to study phase separation dynamics.
  • Review of recent literature on IDPs and cellular assemblages.

Main Results:

  • Multivalent proteins with IDRs can undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS).
  • IDPs are key drivers of specific cellular assemblage formation.
  • Assemblages are implicated in various disease states.

Conclusions:

  • IDPs and phase transitions are critical for forming functional cellular assemblages.
  • Targeting IDPs and their phase behaviors presents a promising therapeutic strategy.
  • Understanding these principles is crucial for developing novel disease treatments.