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Updated: Apr 24, 2026

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure
Published on: February 8, 2022
Septum primum atrial septal defect in an infant with hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Robert W Loar1, Harold M Burkhart2, Nathaniel W Taggart1
1Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Abstract:
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a form of congenital heart disease characterized by severe underdevelopment of the left heart, leading to inadequate systemic blood flow. Several different atrial septal morphologies are observed in HLHS, most commonly a secundum atrial septal defect, patent foramen ovale, intact septum, and leftward displacement of the superior attachment of the septum primum. It has been postulated that atrial septal development is associated with the development of the left heart. We present a case of a newborn infant with HLHS and the unusual finding of a primum ASD.
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