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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

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Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
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Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction01:22

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Esophageal perforation is a severe medical condition characterized by a breach in the integrity of the esophageal wall. This breach can occur due to various factors such as trauma, medical procedures, or underlying diseases. When the esophageal wall is compromised, it allows food, fluids, and digestive juices into the chest cavity or adjacent structures, leading to potential complications and health risks.
The location of esophageal perforation can vary, occurring anywhere along the esophagus....
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Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:28

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Esophageal perforations manifest in various clinical forms, influenced by factors such as the perforation's cause and location (cervical, intrathoracic, or intra-abdominal), the extent of contamination, and potential injury to adjacent mediastinal structures. The timing between the perforation occurrence and treatment initiation also affects the clinical presentation.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
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Types of Membrane Protrusions01:28

Types of Membrane Protrusions

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The protrusion of the cell surface is an initial step for several cellular processes, including cell migration, phagocytosis, and neurite outgrowth. These membrane protrusions are a result of cytoskeletal rearrangement. The most  widely observed cell protrusions include lamellipodia, pseudopodia, filopodia, microvilli, invadopodia, and podosomes. These protrusions can be of two types — static or dynamic.
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Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane01:14

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Assessing tympanic membrane temperature involves using a tympanic membrane thermometer (TMT). Here is a step-by-step guide:
Step 1: Begin by practicing good hand hygiene to prevent the transmission of microorganisms.
Step 2: Turn on the thermometer and wait until the ready sign appears on the screen to ensure accurate measurement.
Step 3: Slide the probe cover in place to prevent cross-contamination.
Step 4: Instruct the patient to tilt their head to the side for comfort and check for cerumen...
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Updated: Apr 24, 2026

Endoscopic Cholesteatoma Surgery
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Tympanic membrane perforation with squamous epithelial ingrowth.

Danielle M Blake1, Alejandro Vazquez, Senja Tomovic

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NY, USA.

Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal
|September 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The tympanic membrane and ear canal lining naturally shed skin cells. This inherent squamous cell migration is a key cleansing process for the ear.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Cell Biology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • The external ear canal and tympanic membrane are lined by squamous epithelium.
  • Understanding epithelial cell dynamics is crucial for ear health.

Observation:

  • The squamous epithelium of the tympanic membrane and external auditory canal displays a distinct migratory pattern.
  • This migration is a continuous, inherent biological process.

Findings:

  • The observed cell migration facilitates the natural exfoliation of keratinizing squamous cells.
  • This process acts as a fundamental cleansing mechanism for the ear canal and tympanic membrane.

Implications:

  • This finding enhances our understanding of normal ear physiology.
  • Knowledge of this migratory pattern may inform treatments for conditions involving abnormal keratinization or impaired clearance.