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Related Concept Videos

Metacognition01:26

Metacognition

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Metacognition is a conscious process where individuals are aware of their cognitive and executive processes, such as planning before solving a problem or self-monitoring during reading. For instance, a writer may need help with composing a piece. The situation involves a writer who is working on a piece of writing, but while doing so, they realize that something is missing. They notice that their characters lack depth or details. This realization occurs because the writer is reflecting on their...
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Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

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Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
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People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
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Drug Dependence01:17

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Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
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Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

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Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
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Cognitive Dissonance01:38

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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 24, 2026

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers
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Metacognition in addictive behaviors.

Marcantonio M Spada1, Gabriele Caselli2, Ana V Nikčević3

  • 1London South Bank University, London, UK.

Addictive Behaviors
|September 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary

The Self-Regulatory Executive Function (S-REF) model offers a new way to understand psychological distress. This paper explores its application to addictive behaviors using a triphasic metacognitive approach.

Keywords:
Addictive behaviorsCognitive-attentional syndromeMetacognitionMetacognitive beliefsMetacognitive therapySelf-Regulatory Executive Function model

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
  • Addiction Research

Background:

  • Metacognitive theory provides a framework for understanding psychological distress through the Self-Regulatory Executive Function (S-REF) model.
  • The S-REF model posits that persistent distress arises from maladaptive coping styles, such as rumination and thought suppression, driven by metacognitive beliefs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the Self-Regulatory Executive Function (S-REF) model.
  • To present a triphasic metacognitive formulation for understanding addictive behaviors.
  • To review evidence supporting this formulation and outline clinical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing evidence on the components of the triphasic metacognitive formulation.
  • Conceptual analysis of the S-REF model's application to addictive behaviors.

Main Results:

  • The S-REF model offers a viable framework for conceptualizing addictive behaviors.
  • Metacognitive beliefs and coping styles play a crucial role in the maintenance of addiction.

Conclusions:

  • The triphasic metacognitive formulation provides a structured approach to understanding addiction.
  • Metacognitive therapy holds significant clinical potential for treating addictive behaviors.