Investigation of key factors affecting the balance function of older adults

Previous studies have focused mainly on individual factors affecting the balance function of older adults. However, it is largely unknown whether the balance functions of older adults are affected by multiple factors occurring simultaneously, and what is predominant among these factors.

We adopted a cross-sectional study design and recruited 100 older adults from the community. Each participant was required to complete a questionnaire consisting of 20 questions related to four factors: sociodemographic, physical exercise, sleep condition and mental condition. We then evaluated all participants' static and dynamic balance abilities using two balance tests performed using the Microsoft Kinect™ system. We used MANOVA and FDR corrections to analyze each factor to determine which factors affected the balance parameters. Last, we identified the major factors related to balance by computing the percentage of primary factors with significant effects for each factor.

We found that static balance function was mainly affected by sociodemographic factors, sleep condition and mental condition. The dynamic balance function showed close relationships with physical exercise and sleep condition. Furthermore, sleep condition had a larger effect on static balance function than on dynamic balance function. We also observed an association between static balance function and mental condition.

A wide range of factors were associated with balance function in these older adults. The static and dynamic balance functions were related with different factors; this might provide useful information for older adults on maintaining good balance ability.