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Follow-up of obstructive sleep apnea in children

Emília Leite de Barros1, Marcia Pradella-Hallinan2, Gustavo Antonio Moreira2

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
|September 4, 2014
PubMed

Insights

The evolution of sleep disordered breathing in children without surgery showed an increased respiratory disturbance index in primary snorers. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients had fewer hypopneas after six months.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • The progression of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children is not well understood due to limited research on non-surgically treated patients.
  • Few studies have prospectively evaluated the natural course of sleep-disordered breathing in pediatric populations without surgical intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the natural evolution of sleep-disordered breathing in children who have not undergone upper airway surgery.
  • To compare changes in polysomnographic parameters over a six-month period in children with primary snoring versus those with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective evaluation of 26 children with snoring who had not had upper airway surgery.
  • Initial assessment included physical examination and nocturnal polysomnography, followed by a repeat polysomnography after six months.
  • Patients were categorized into two groups: apnea (n=16) and snoring (n=10).

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in age, weight, height, or airway physical examination findings between the groups.
  • The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) remained stable in both groups over the six-month follow-up.
  • The respiratory disturbance index (RDI) increased in the primary snoring group, while the number of hypopneas decreased in the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome group.

Conclusions:

  • Primary snoring in children is associated with an increased respiratory disturbance index and a higher percentage of N1 sleep stage.
  • Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children, when untreated surgically, shows a decrease in hypopnea events but no significant change in overall AHI.
  • These findings highlight the dynamic nature of pediatric sleep-disordered breathing even without surgical intervention.
Abstract

Keywords:
Apneia do sono tipoChildClinical evolutionCriançaEvolução clínicaPolissonografiaPolysomnographySleep apneaobstructiveobstrutiva

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