Persistent left superior vena cava detected after central venous catheter insertion

Area of Science:

• Vascular Anatomy
• Medical Imaging
• Congenital Variations

Background:

• Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is a rare congenital anomaly, occurring in 0.3-0.5% of the population.
• Jugular venous interventions, like implantable venous catheters for oncological therapy, can be indicated in patients with this anomaly.
• PLSVC can lead to complications such as cardiac insufficiency, sinus aneurysm, and arrhythmias, though many patients remain asymptomatic.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report a case of persistent left superior vena cava detected after central venous catheter (CVC) installation.
• To highlight the importance of accurate anatomical diagnosis for medical device placement.
• To emphasize the role of imaging in managing patients with venous anomalies.

Main Methods:

• A patient presented with a misplaced CVC, initially detected on chest X-ray.
• Blood gas analysis indicated venous malconcentration.
• Computer-assisted tomography (CT) confirmed the presence of PLSVC draining into a dilated coronary sinus.

Main Results:

• The patient, diagnosed with PLSVC, was followed for one year.
• Knowledge of venous anatomy is critical for the correct positioning and function of medical devices like CVCs and pacemakers.
• While potential complications exist, many individuals with PLSVC are asymptomatic.

Conclusions:

• Early diagnosis of anatomical variations like PLSVC through imaging is essential for optimizing therapy.
• CT imaging aids in accurate diagnosis, enabling appropriate treatment strategies.
• Improved diagnostics can lead to better patient management and enhanced quality of life.