Peripheral giant cell granuloma: a case report

Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) is a benign inflammatory hyperplastic lesion of unknown etiology that occurs in the gingiva or alveolar ridge. It normally manifests as a soft tissue nodule, purplish-red in color, consisting of multinucleated giant cells in a background of mononuclear stromal cells and extravasated red blood cells. This article presents a case of a 75-year-old man whose chief complaint was painless swelling in the posterior mandibular region. Intraoral examination revealed a swelling that was red, firm, and sessile, with a smooth surface texture. An orthopantomogram revealed a well-demarcated radiolucency extending from the distal aspect of the mandibular canine to the mesial aspect of the mandibular first molar. Cone beam computed tomography showed the features that suggested a soft tissue lesion causing cupping resorption of the mandible. An excisional biopsy was performed under local anaesthesia, and the tissue was examined histopathologically. The lesion was diagnosed as PGCG after thorough clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic examinations.