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How and why cells grow as rods.

Fred Chang, Kerwyn Casey Huang

    BMC Biology
    |September 4, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Rod-shaped cells are common across bacteria, fungi, and plants. This review explores the physical and chemical principles governing their construction and discusses potential evolutionary advantages of this ubiquitous cell morphology.

    Area of Science:

    • Cell biology
    • Biophysics
    • Evolutionary biology

    Background:

    • Rod shape is a common morphology in walled cells across diverse kingdoms, including bacteria, fungi, and plants.
    • Despite variations in size and construction mechanisms, geometric similarities suggest underlying common principles.
    • Physical principles, alongside chemical and physiological constraints, likely drive the evolution of rod-shaped cells.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review mechanisms of rod-shaped cell construction.
    • To examine biophysical models of cell morphogenesis.
    • To explore potential evolutionary advantages of the rod shape.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of cell wall construction mechanisms.
    • Analysis of biophysical models for cell shape determination.

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  • Comparative study of model organisms across different kingdoms.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified diverse mechanisms for rod-shaped cell construction.
    • Compared and contrasted biophysical models of morphogenesis.
    • Highlighted geometric similarities across kingdoms suggesting shared evolutionary pressures.

    Conclusions:

    • Rod shape likely confers evolutionary advantages due to fundamental physical principles and biological constraints.
    • Further research is needed to determine the relative importance of these advantages.
    • Understanding cell shape provides insights into fundamental biological processes.