[Injuries associated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation]

Area of Science:

• Emergency Medicine
• Forensic Pathology
• Medical Procedures

Context:

• Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a critical intervention for cardiac arrest and other causes of unconsciousness.
• CPR procedures, while life-saving, carry a risk of significant iatrogenic injuries.
• The spectrum of injuries can range from minor to severe, potentially impacting resuscitation outcomes.

Purpose:

• To provide a comprehensive review of injuries associated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
• To discuss CPR-related injuries based on specific resuscitation methods: airway management, chest compressions, and defibrillation.
• To highlight the importance of recognizing and differentiating CPR-induced injuries.

Summary:

• Airway management can lead to neck hematomas, mucosal tears, dental fractures, and aspiration.
• Chest compressions frequently cause rib and sternal fractures, with less common injuries including organ lacerations and cardiac rupture.
• Defibrillation may result in skin burns and, rarely, cardiac or renal damage secondary to rhabdomyolysis.

Impact:

• Forensic pathologists and clinicians must be aware of potential CPR-related injuries.
• Understanding these injuries aids in accurate post-mortem examination and clinical diagnosis.
• Minimizing or distinguishing CPR-associated trauma is crucial for patient care and legal/forensic evaluation.