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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 24, 2026

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Cocaine and cognition: a systematic quantitative review.

Stéphane Potvin1, Katherine Stavro, Elie Rizkallah

  • 1From the Department of Psychiatry (SP, KS, ER), Faculty of Medicine, Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Clinique du Nouveau-Départ (KS, ER), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Psychiatry (JP), Faculty of Medicine, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Journal of Addiction Medicine
|September 5, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Cocaine use disorder impairs multiple cognitive functions, particularly attention and memory. Cognitive deficits persist through early abstinence but may improve after five months of sobriety.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Addiction Medicine

Background:

  • Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is linked to cognitive deficits, but specific impairments and recovery timelines are unclear.
  • Existing literature shows ambiguity regarding the extent and nature of cognitive dysfunction in CUD.
  • Understanding cognitive recovery patterns is crucial for effective treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a meta-analysis identifying cognitive domains affected by cocaine abuse/dependence.
  • To determine the duration of abstinence required for cognitive recovery in individuals with CUD.

Main Methods:

  • A meta-analysis of 46 studies assessing cognitive function in cocaine users.
  • Evaluation of 11 cognitive domains, including attention, executive functions, and memory.
  • Analysis of cognitive performance based on abstinence duration: short-term, intermediate (≤12 weeks), and long-term (≥20 weeks).

Main Results:

  • Moderate cognitive impairment observed across 8 domains during intermediate abstinence.
  • Attention, impulsivity, verbal learning/memory, and working memory were most affected.
  • Impairments lessened with longer abstinence, with small effect sizes in long-term abstinence.

Conclusions:

  • Significant cognitive impairments are evident in cocaine abusers across multiple domains.
  • Acute withdrawal effects may mask some cognitive deficits in early abstinence.
  • Cognitive dysfunction stabilizes in early abstinence and shows potential for abatement after approximately 5 months.