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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Position-effect Variegation02:32

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In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
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Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
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Nightshift work and genome-wide DNA methylation.

Parveen Bhatti1, Yuzheng Zhang, Xiaoling Song

  • 1Program in Epidemiology .

Chronobiology International
|September 5, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Shift work is linked to negative health outcomes, potentially through DNA methylation changes. Nightshift workers showed decreased DNA methylation across many genes, including circadian genes, suggesting a role in health effects.

Keywords:
Circadian genesDNA methylationshift work

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Chronobiology
  • Occupational Health

Background:

  • Shift work is associated with adverse health effects, including increased cancer risk.
  • Alterations in DNA methylation patterns are a potential mechanism mediating these effects, particularly involving circadian rhythm genes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare genome-wide DNA methylation profiles between dayshift and nightshift workers.
  • To identify specific methylation markers associated with shift work status, focusing on circadian genes.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 Bead Array.
  • Comparison of methylation data between 65 dayshift and 59 nightshift healthcare workers.
  • Linear regression models adjusted for covariates and false discovery rate control (FDR ≤0.05).

Main Results:

  • Significant methylation differences were observed at 16,135 loci across 3,769 genes.
  • Nightshift workers consistently exhibited decreased average methylation compared to dayshift workers.
  • Twenty-one loci in circadian genes, including PER3 and CSNK1E, were significantly hypomethylated in nightshift workers.

Conclusions:

  • Shift work may induce hypomethylation in a broad range of genes, including those regulating circadian rhythms.
  • These methylation changes, particularly in circadian genes, could contribute to the adverse health effects of shift work, including carcinogenesis.
  • Further research with larger cohorts is warranted to explore the impact of shift work on specific carcinogenic mechanisms.