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During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
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Energy production within a cell involves many coordinated chemical pathways. Most of these pathways are combinations of oxidation and reduction reactions, which occur at the same time. An oxidation reaction strips an electron from an atom in a compound, and the addition of this electron to another compound is a reduction reaction. Because oxidation and reduction usually occur together, these pairs of reactions are called redox reactions.
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Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
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Modeling dioxygen reduction at multicopper oxidase cathodes.

Peter Agbo1, James R Heath, Harry B Gray

  • 1Beckman Institute, Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|September 5, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a kinetics model for multicopper oxidase (MCO) cathodes, combining electrode and enzyme kinetics. This model aids in designing efficient MCO cathodes and estimating active site properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Biocatalysis
  • Chemical Kinetics

Background:

  • Multicopper oxidases (MCOs) are crucial biocatalysts for dioxygen reduction.
  • Understanding the kinetics of electron transfer (ET) in MCO cathodes is vital for improving their efficiency.
  • Current models often simplify the complex interplay between electrode and enzyme kinetics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a general kinetics model for catalytic dioxygen reduction on MCO cathodes.
  • To integrate Butler-Volmer (BV) electrode kinetics with Michaelis-Menten (MM) enzymatic formalism.
  • To provide a framework for designing more efficient MCO-based electrochemical systems.

Main Methods:

  • Combined Butler-Volmer (BV) and Michaelis-Menten (MM) kinetics into a unified rate equation.
  • Incorporated interfacial electron transfer (ET) and intramolecular ET processes.
  • Validated the model using experimental electrochemical data from Thermus thermophilus laccase.

Main Results:

  • Developed an analytical expression for MCO cathode kinetics, accounting for dioxygen binding.
  • Successfully benchmarked the model against experimental data, demonstrating its predictive power.
  • The model provides estimates for electronic coupling and active site-to-substrate distance.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed general kinetics model accurately describes dioxygen reduction on MCO cathodes.
  • This model is a valuable tool for optimizing MCO cathode design and performance.
  • It facilitates the quantitative assessment of key catalytic parameters in MCO systems.