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Related Concept Videos

Surveys02:16

Surveys

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Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
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Bonferroni Test01:10

Bonferroni Test

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The Bonferroni test is a statistical test named after Carlo Emilio Bonferroni, an Italian mathematician best known for Bonferroni inequalities. This statistical test is a type of multiple comparison test to determine which means are different than the rest. Bonferroni test can minimize the Type 1 error by reducing the significance level alpha, which otherwise increases with sample pairs.
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Comparing Experimental Results: Student's t-Test01:09

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The t-test is a statistical method used to compare the sample mean with a population mean or compare two means from two data sets. The test statistic is calculated from the standard deviation, mean, and number of measurements in the data set at a selected confidence interval and then compared to a table of critical values at this confidence level. If the test statistic is smaller than the critical value, the null hypothesis is accepted. In this case, we state that the difference between the...
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Friedman Two-way Analysis of Variance by Ranks01:21

Friedman Two-way Analysis of Variance by Ranks

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Friedman's Two-Way Analysis of Variance by Ranks is a nonparametric test designed to identify differences across multiple test attempts when traditional assumptions of normality and equal variances do not apply. Unlike conventional ANOVA, which requires normally distributed data with equal variances, Friedman's test is ideal for ordinal or non-normally distributed data, making it particularly useful for analyzing dependent samples, such as matched subjects over time or repeated measures...
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Reliability and Validity01:29

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Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.
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Random Sampling Method01:09

Random Sampling Method

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Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest. Among the various sampling methods used by...
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A second opinion: response to 100 professors.

Daniel Wechter, Donna Harrison, Robert Adams

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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This opinion piece discusses induced abortion, emphasizing the need for balanced perspectives that consider both patient autonomy and the humanity of the fetus. It highlights alternative approaches and risks associated with abortion, advocating for practitioners

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    Area of Science:

    • Medical Ethics
    • Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Reproductive Health

    Background:

    • The topic of induced abortion is a subject of ongoing debate within the medical community, particularly among obstetricians.
    • A recent Clinical Opinion in AJOG presented arguments advocating for elective abortion, highlighting potential benefits.
    • However, a comprehensive understanding necessitates considering diverse viewpoints and ethical considerations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a balanced perspective on induced abortion by incorporating a second opinion from practitioners.
    • To acknowledge the humanity of both the patient and the fetus in discussions surrounding problem pregnancies.
    • To explore alternative management strategies for problem pregnancies and review the associated risks.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of peer-reviewed medical literature concerning short-term and long-term risks of abortion for women.
    • Consideration of ethical principles and the concept of conscience in medical practice.
    • Analysis of alternative approaches to managing problem pregnancies.

    Main Results:

    • The discussion includes a review of published data on the risks associated with induced abortion.
    • Alternative management options for problem pregnancies are presented.
    • The ethical considerations for practitioners are highlighted.

    Conclusions:

    • A balanced approach to induced abortion requires considering multiple perspectives, including those of practitioners.
    • Practitioners should have the right to exercise their conscience and Hippocratic principles.
    • The concept of 'pro-choice' should encompass respect for both patient autonomy and the practitioner's ethical stance.